- \n
- C\u8bed\u8a00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5e95\u5c42\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6307\u9488\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5408\u7406\u7ee7\u627f\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u9759\u6001\u52a8\u6001\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u6a21\u677f\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e5f\u662f\u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u884c\u4e3a\u8f6c\u5316\u539f\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- STL\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5bb9\u5668\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u719f\u6089\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u73b0\u4ee3\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\uff0cRAII\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9ad8\u6548\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b88\u5219\u89c6\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fC++\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c3d\u91cf\u4ee5const\uff0cenum\uff0cinline\u66ff\u6362#define<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/strong><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u521d\u770b\u6709\u4e86\u7591\u60d1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u6765\u770b\uff0cdefine\u5728\u9884\u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8981\u6bd4\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e43\u81f3\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u624d\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u8981\u9ad8\u6548\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u9884\u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u5904\u7406\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u6587\u672c\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c31\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u539f\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u65f6\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u62a5\u7684\u9519\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u66ff\u6362\u540e\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u5230\u6839\u6e90\u6240\u5728\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2adefine\u5199\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u627e\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u7528const\u66ff\u4ee3\u5b8f\uff08C++11\u540e\u6709\u4e86\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf constexpr\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\nconst double AspectRatio = 1.653;\n\n\/\/ \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\nconst char * const name = \"djs\"; \/\/ \u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u4fdd\u6307\u5411\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5316\ncosnt std::string name(\"djs\"); \/\/ \u6216\u4f7f\u7528string\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u4e2aconst<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528static const\uff1bdefine\u5b8f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65e0\u6cd5\u53ea\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class GamePlayer{\n static const int NumTurns = 5; \/\/ \u5e38\u91cf\u58f0\u660e\uff08\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n int scores[NumTurns]; \/\/ \u5e38\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e3a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u63d0\u4e00\u5634\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684static\u95ee\u9898<\/summary>\n
\u6309\u7167C++\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f0f<\/strong>\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u7c7b\u5185\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u53ea\u6709\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7f16\u8bd1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519undefined reference<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class GamePlayer {\npublic:\n static string s = \"12346\"; \/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u9519\uff0cstatic \u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458 s \u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u7c7b\u5185\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9879\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class GamePlayer {\npublic:\n static string s ; \/\/ \u53ea\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u58f0\u660e\n};\nstring GamePlayer::s = \"123456\";<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u5185\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u5185\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u72ec\u5360\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u90a3\u95ee\u9898\u53c8\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762static const int NumTurns = 5;\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- C++\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982
int<\/code>,char<\/code>,bool<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u505a\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u3002C++11\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5e38\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n- \u5177\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\uff1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5e38\u91cf\u6298\u53e0\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\n
- \n
- \u4f18\u5316\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\uff1amov eax, 5 ; \/\/\u5c06\u503c 5 \u76f4\u63a5\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 eax \u4e2d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u90a3\u4e48\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5730\u5740\u7684\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u53f3\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ea\u6709\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5e38\u91cf\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528enum\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7b80\u6d01\u4f18\u96c5\u4e00\u70b9\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class GamePlayer{\n enum { NumTurns = 5; }; \/\/\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u5730\u5740\n int scores[NumTurns]; \n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u679a\u4e3e\u66f4\u50cfdefine \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5730\u5740\uff08\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406\u4e3a\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u88ab\u6307\u5411\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8edefine\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8f\u51fd\u6570\uff08C\u91cc\u6ca1\u5c11\u5e72\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u989d\u5916\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5f00\u652f\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u4e0d\u5c11\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# define CALL_WITH_MAX(a,b) f((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b) )\n\nint a = 5 , b = 0;\nCALL_WITH_MAX\uff08++a , b\uff09; \/\/ a++\u8c03\u7528\u4e862\u6b21 \u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\uff08a\uff09\u4e5f\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\uff08a++\uff09\nCALL_WITH_MAX\uff08++a\uff0cb+10\uff09 \/\/ a++\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u6b21<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u5982\u6b64\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f9d\u7136\u4f1a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570inline\u3002\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5b8f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9define\u7edd\u5bf9\u505a\u4e0d\u5230<\/p>\n\n\n\n
template<typename T>\ninline void callWithMax(const T& a, const T& b)\n{\n f(a > b ? a : b);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f9d\u9760\u4f7f\u7528const\uff0cinline\uff0cenum\u7b49\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f#define\uff09\u9700\u6c42\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\u3002\u5982#include\uff0c#ifdef\/#ifndef\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u9996\u9009const\u548cenum
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b8f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528inline<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7528Const<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u66f4\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u52a0\u5065\u58ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f97\u5206\u6e05\u695a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const char * p; \/\/\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u5e38\u91cf\nchar * const p; \/\/\u6307\u9488\u4e3a\u5e38\u91cf\n\nvoid f1(const Widget *pw) ;\/\/\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u5e38\u91cfWidget\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6307\u9488\nvoid f2(Widget const *pw) ;\/\/\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u4e3a\u5e38\u91cf\nconst std::vector<int>::iterator iter = vec.begin();\n*iter = 10; \/\/\u6b63\u786e\n++iter; \/\/\u9519\u8bef\uff0citer\u672c\u8eab\u4e3aconst\n\/\/ \u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u5e38\u91cf\nstd::vector<int>::const_iterator cIter = vec.begin()\uff1b\n*cIter = 10; \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\uff0c*cIter \u662f const\n++cIter; \/\/ \u6b63\u786e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nconst\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u542b\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fd4\u56de&\u7c7b\u578b\u95f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u3002
\u6b64\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e24\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662fconst\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u975econst\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u5bf9\u4e8econst\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u5e26const\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975econst\u5bf9\u8c61\u81ea\u7136\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u4e86\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Example {\npublic:\n void display() const {\n std::cout << \"Const display called.\" << std::endl;\n }\n\n void display() {\n std::cout << \"Non-const display called.\" << std::endl;\n }\n};\n\nint main() {\n Example obj;\n const Example constObj;\n\n obj.display(); \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u975e const \u7248\u672c\n constObj.display(); \/\/ \u8c03\u7528 const \u7248\u672c\n\n return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7684const\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f4d\u5e38\u91cf\u3002\u5373\uff0cconst\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f8b\u5982\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5bf9\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u52a0const\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u952e\u8bcdmutable\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Example {\n mutable int count = 0; \/\/ `mutable` \u5141\u8bb8\u5728 const \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\npublic:\n void show() const {\n count++; \/\/ \u4fee\u6539 mutable \u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\n std::cout << \"Count: \" << count << std::endl;\n }\n};\n\nint main() {\n Example obj;\n obj.show(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Count: 1\n obj.show(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Count: 2\n return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u975econst\u7248\u672c\u7684\u53bb\u8c03\u7528const\u7248\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const char& operator[](std::size_t position) const {\n return text[position];\n}\n\nchar& operator[](std::size_t position) {\n return const_cast<char&>( \/\/\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u5316\n static_cast<const TextBlock&>(*this)[position] \/\/\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u5f53\u524dthis\u4e3aconst\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u5230\u4e0a\u9762const\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\n );\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5728C++\u7684c\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd0\u884c\u6210\u672c\u5219\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53d1\u751f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975eC\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u4e9b\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff0c\u4f60\u521d\u59cb\u5316int\u6570\u7ec4\u540e\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f0\uff09\uff0c\u800cvector\u5219\u4fdd\u8bc1\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7c7b\u5185\u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u591a\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u5185\u7684const\u5bf9\u8c61\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9const\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d4b\u503c\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Example {\npublic:\n const int x; \/\/ const \u6210\u5458\n int& y; \/\/ \u5f15\u7528\u6210\u5458\n\n Example(int value, int& ref) : x(value), y(ref) {} \/\/ \u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4f7f\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/strong>\u4e0e\u4f60\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4f60\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a<\/strong>\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\n\nclass Example {\nprivate:\n std::string first;\n std::string second;\n int value;\n\npublic:\n Example(const std::string& str1, const std::string& str2, int val)\n : second(str2), \/\/ \u6ce8\u610f\uff1asecond \u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\n first(str1), \/\/ first \u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\n value(val)\n {\n std::cout << \"Constructor Body: first = \" << first \n << \", second = \" << second \n << \", value = \" << value << std::endl;\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u80fda\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1b\u5148\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u6700\u597d\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\uff1a1\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e86\u4e0d\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b2\u3001\u540e\u7eed\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002
\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5916\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002
\u7f16\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8eC++\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a.cpp\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u901a\u8fc7#include\uff09\u5171\u540c\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a.cpp<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5355\u5143<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u5728C++\uff0c\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class FileSystem {\npublic:\n \/\/ \u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\n std::size_t numDisks() const; \/\/ \u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u78c1\u76d8\u6570\u91cf\n};\n\nFileSystem tfs; \/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\nextern FileSystem tfs; \/\/ \u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\n\nclass Directory{\npublic:\n Directory(params);\n}\nDirectory::Directory(params)\n{\n std::size_t disks = tfs.numDisks(); \/\/\u53ef\u80fdundefined\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8de8\u7f16\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3aC++\u6ca1\u505a\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u731c\u6d4b\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u6548\u7387\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u89c4\u5b9a\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u90e8\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5199\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class FileSystem { ... }; \n\nFileSystem& tfs() { \/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u7684\u51fd\u6570\n static FileSystem fs; \/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\n return fs; \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n\nclass Directory { ... }; \/\/ \u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u6837\n\nDirectory::Directory(params) { \/\/ \u552f\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u662f\u5bf9TFS\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e86tfs()\n ...\n std::size_t disks = tfs().numDisks(); \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 tfs() \u83b7\u53d6 FileSystem \u5bf9\u8c61\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u73b0\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u6309\u9700\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u53bb\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u9759\u6001\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u9636\u6bb5\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. \u624b\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c<\/strong>C++\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002
2. \u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868<\/strong>\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u91c7\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7533\u660e\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u7c7b\u5185\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7533\u660e\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u597d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u7c7b\u5185\u7533\u660e\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/strong>
3. \u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u975e\u9759\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8de8\u7f16\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6784\u9020\u3001\u6790\u6784\u3001\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4e86\u89e3cpp\u9ed8\u9ed8\u7f16\u5199\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
cpp\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6709\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u62f7\u8d1d\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u548c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u7b97\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Empty {\npublic:\n Empty() { ... } \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n Empty(const Empty& rhs) { ... } \/\/ \u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n ~Empty() { ... } \/\/ \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\n Empty& operator=(const Empty& rhs) { ... } \/\/ \u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\n};\n\nEmpty e1; \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\nEmpty e2(e1); \/\/ \u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\ne2 = e1; \/\/ \u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\n \/\/ \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4e86\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7c7b\u5185\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u578b\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u591f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u7684<\/strong>\uff08\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed1\u5b9a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5=\u53d8\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u663e\u7136\u7528\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u5199\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
template <class T>\nclass NamedObject {\npublic:\n NamedObject(std::string& name, const T& value):nameValue(name),objectValue(value);\nprivate:\n std::string& nameValue; \/\/ \u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\n const T objectValue; \/\/ \u5e38\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\n};\n\nstd::string newDog(\"Persephone\");\nstd::string oldDog(\"Satch\");\nNamedObject<int> p(newDog, 2); \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61 p\uff0cnameValue \u6307\u5411 newDog\nNamedObject<int> s(oldDog, 36); \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61 s\uff0cnameValue \u6307\u5411 oldDog\np = s; \/\/ \u5c1d\u8bd5\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u6cd5\u58f0\u660e\u4e3aprivate\uff0c\u5219\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/strong>\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u91cd\u5199\u4e5f\u90fd\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u822c\u7528protected\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u82e5\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u62d2\u7edd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u672c\u8d28\u8fd8\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u907f\u514d\u540e\u7eed\u9519\u8bef\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class HomeForSale{ ... } \/\/\u60f3\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u7684home\nHomeForSale h1;\nHomeForSale h2;\nHomeForSale h3(h1); \/\/\u8bd5\u56fe\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u963b\u6b62\u7f16\u8bd1\u901a\u8fc7\nh1 = h2;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728 C++ 11\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6211\u4eba\u4e3a\u518d\u5199\u7533\u660e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\u5019\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class HomeForSale{\nprivate:\n HomeForSale(const HomeForSale &);\n HomeForSale& operator=(const HomeForSale &);\n} <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728C++11\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528delete\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5c31\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class HomeForSale{\n HomeForSale(const HomeForSale &) = delete;\n HomeForSale& operator=(const HomeForSale &) = delete;\n} <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4e3a\u591a\u6001\u57fa\u7c7b\u58f0\u660e\u865a\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u4e86\u89e3\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u4e86\u865a\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u9010\u7ea7\u5f80\u57fa\u7c7b\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u57fa\u7c7b\u90e8\u5206\u9501new\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u5efa\u8bae\u6700\u597d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u865a\u6307\u9488\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
C++\u4e2d\u6807\u51c6\u7684string\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u865a\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u8981\u5f53\u505a\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002<\/strong>\u539f\u56e0\u5927\u6982\u662f\u907f\u514d\u5f00\u9500\u5427\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f15\u7528\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u865a\u6307\u9488\u53bb\u6307\u5411\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u663e\u793a\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u4e00\u822c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u5bf9\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u53bb\u505a\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class AWOV {\npublic:\n virtual ~AWOV() = 0; \/\/ \u58f0\u660e\u7eaf\u865a\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\n};\n\/\/ \u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7eaf\u865a\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\nAWOV::~AWOV() {}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u522b\u8ba9\u5f02\u5e38\u9003\u79bb\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C++\u5e76\u4e0d\u7981\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5410\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u8981\u9003\u79bb\uff1f\u4f60\u865a\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u865a\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u53c8\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\uff1f\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u7684try catch\uff0c\u628a\u5185\u90e8\u9519\u8bef\u6355\u83b7\u907f\u514d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class DBConnection {\npublic:\n static DBConnection create(); \/\/ \u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efaDBConnection\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9759\u6001\u51fd\u6570\n ~DBConnection() {\n try {\n \/\/ \u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u91cc\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u8d25\n closeConnection();\n } catch (...) {\n \/\/ \u6355\u83b7\u6240\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u5f02\u5e38\u4f20\u64ad\n logError(\"Failed to close DB connection\");\n }\n }\nprivate:\n void closeConnection() { \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0 }\n void logError(const std::string& message) { \/\/ \u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7 }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u7684\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u9700\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5173\u95ed\uff09\u3002\u591a\u91cd\u4fdd\u9669\u907f\u514d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7edd\u4e0d\u5728\u6784\u9020\u548c\u6790\u6784\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u865a\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u524d\u6784\u9020\u3002\u5728\u6784\u9020\u57fa\u7c7b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\uff08\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Transaction { \/\/ \u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\npublic:\n Transaction();\n virtual void logTransaction() const = 0 {cout << \"Transaction \";}; \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5b50\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\n};\n\n\nclass BuyTransaction : public Transaction { \/\/ \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\npublic:\n virtual void logTransaction() const { cout << \"BuyTransaction \";}; \/\/ \u8bb0\u5f55\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u6b64\u65f6\u8c03\u7528\u5b50\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u4e3a Transaction \u4e86\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6784\u9020\u57fa\u7c7b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u628a\u51fd\u6570\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u975e\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u57fa\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6d41\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Transaction {\npublic:\n explicit Transaction(const std::string& logInfo); \/\/ explicit\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u907f\u514d\u9690\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c123\u201d\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u89c4\u907f\u98ce\u9669\n void logTransaction(const std::string& logInfo) const;\n};\nTransaction::Transaction(const std::string& logInfo) {\n logTransaction(logInfo); \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u975e\u865a\u51fd\u6570\n}\n\nclass BuyTransaction : public Transaction {\npublic:\n BuyTransaction(parameters) : Transaction(createLogString(parameters)) {\n \/\/ \u5b50\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u903b\u8f91\n }\nprivate:\n static std::string createString(parameters);\/\/ \u6700\u597d\u7528static\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u4e00\u5c42\u4fdd\u9669\u4e0d\u51fa\u9519\u3002\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u6784\u9020\u6216\u6790\u6784\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u865a\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u81f3\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u7c7b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee4operator=\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411*this\u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
int x , y , z;\nx = y = z = 15; \/\/ x = ( y = ( z = 15 ))\uff1b<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u4fa7\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7c7b\u6700\u597d\u4e5f\u9075\u5b88\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Widget{\n Widght& operator= (const Widght& rhs){\n ...\n return *this; \/\/\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u503c\u5bf9\u8c61\n }\n Widght& operator+= (const Widght& rhs){ \/\/\u5bf9\u4e8e+= , -= , *=\u5bf9\u8c61\u5747\u9002\u7528\n ...\n return *this;\n }\n Widght& operator= (int rhs){ \/\/\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\n ...\n return *this; \n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd4\u56de&\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u672c\u8eab<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728operator=\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u6211\u8d4b\u503c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u5185\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u91ca\u653e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Bitmap {\n};\nclass Widget {\npublic:\n Bitmap *bp;\n Widget &operator=(const Widget &rhs) {\n delete bp;\n bp = new Bitmap(*rhs.bp);\n return *this;\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u6211\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u6211\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u6d4b\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Bitmap {\n};\nclass Widget {\npublic:\n Bitmap *bp;\n Widget &operator=(const Widget &rhs) {\n if(this == &rhs) return *this; \/\/ \u81ea\u6211\u8d4b\u503c\uff0cdonothing\n delete bp;\n bp = new Bitmap(*rhs.bp);\n return *this;\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728new\u5904\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u65e7\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f88\u5371\u9669\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148new\u4e00\u4efd\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u518d\u5220\u9664\u81ea\u8eab\u539f\u672c\u7684\uff08\u6709\u4e9b\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Bitmap {\n};\nclass Widget {\npublic:\n Bitmap *bp;\n Widget &operator=(const Widget &rhs) {\n const Bitmap *pOrig = bp;\n bp = new Bitmap(*rhs.bp);\n delete pOrig;\n return *this;\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5f53\u7136\u6700\u540e\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f20\u5165\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u526f\u672c\u7136\u540e\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
void swap(Widget rhs); \/\/ \u540e\u7eed\u6709\u6709\u5173swap\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6761\u6b3e29\n Widget &operator=(const Widget rhs) {\n swap(rhs);\n return *this;\n }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u62f7\u8d1d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90e8\u5206<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u770b\u6807\u9898\u731c\u662f\u6709\u5173deepcopy\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u4e24\u4e2aWidght\u5bf9\u8c61\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u7247\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u679cw1\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u628abp \u7ed9delete\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bbf\u95eew2\u7684bp\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Widget {\n Bitmap *bp;\n};\nWidget w1;\nWidget w2(w1);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u91cd\u65b0\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u540e\u7eed\u770b\u4e66\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u60f3\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5373\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548coperator=\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65b0\u52a0\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u5019\u5fd8\u8bb0\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u70b9\u662f\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u57fa\u7c7b\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class PriorityCustomer : public Customer { \/\/ \u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\npublic:\n ...\n PriorityCustomer(const PriorityCustomer& rhs);\n PriorityCustomer& operator=(const PriorityCustomer& rhs);\n\nprivate:\n int priority;\n};\n\n\/\/ \u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\nPriorityCustomer::PriorityCustomer(const PriorityCustomer& rhs) \n : priority(rhs.priority) \/\/ \u4ec5\u62f7\u8d1d\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\n{\n logCall(\"PriorityCustomer copy constructor\");\n}\n\n\/\/ \u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\nPriorityCustomer& PriorityCustomer::operator=(const PriorityCustomer& rhs) {\n logCall(\"PriorityCustomer copy assignment operator\");\n priority = rhs.priority; \/\/ \u4ec5\u62f7\u8d1d\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\n return *this;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u7531\u4e8e\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5904\u7406\u57fa\u7c7bCustomer\uff0c\u5c06\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u57fa\u7c7b\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ \u4fee\u590d\u540e\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\nPriorityCustomer::PriorityCustomer(const PriorityCustomer& rhs)\n : Customer(rhs), \/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n priority(rhs.priority)\n{\n logCall(\"PriorityCustomer copy constructor\");\n}\n\n\/\/ \u4fee\u590d\u540e\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\nPriorityCustomer& PriorityCustomer::operator=(const PriorityCustomer& rhs) {\n logCall(\"PriorityCustomer copy assignment operator\");\n if (this != &rhs) { \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u81ea\u8d4b\u503c\n Customer::operator=(rhs); \/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\n priority = rhs.priority; \/\/ \u62f7\u8d1d\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\n }\n return *this;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u6b64\u65f6\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u8bf8\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u554a\u3002\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a<\/strong>\u518d\u8c03\u7528\uff1f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u51b2\u7a81\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u65e6\u7528\u5b8c\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\/\u5982\u9501\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u98ce\u9669\u3002e.g<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Investment* pInv = createInvestment(); \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\n\/\/ ... \u4f7f\u7528 pInv\ndelete pInv; \/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5047\u8bbe\u4e2d\u95f4\u51fa\u9519\uff0cthrow\u4e86\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6839\u672c\u7b49\u4e0d\u5230delete\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6delete\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4e0d\u5199\uff08\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u6790\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
std::unique_ptr<Investment> pInv(createInvestment()); \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\n\/\/ ... \u4f7f\u7528 pInv\n\/\/ \u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6\uff0cstd::unique_ptr \u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528 delete<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u5373\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff08RAII\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unique_ptr\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8d44\u6e90\u72ec\u5360\uff0c\u5373\u5185\u90e8\u4f60\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6307\u9488\u552f\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u540e\u7eed\u8fd8\u6709shared_ptr,weak_ptr\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u542b\u4e49\u4e0d\u8d58\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u5199\u8fc7\u53ef\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8be6\u7ec6\u53ef\u89c1<\/summary>\n
\n\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7533\u8bf7\u6307\u9488\u540e\uff0c\u5fd8\u8bb0\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u3002
\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nauto_ptr\uff08\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e9f\u5f03<\/p>\n\n\n\n
auto_ptr<std::string> p1 (new string (\"hello\"));\nauto_ptr<std::string> p2;\np2 = p1; \/\/auto_ptr \u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\ncout << *p1 ; \/\/ \u70b8\u4e86<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7ed9p2\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u7684p1\u5c31\u6ca1\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u53bb\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5411\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u591a\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u591a\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unique_ptr<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7 = \u6765\u8d4b\u503c<\/strong>\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7move\u6765\u8f6c\u8bd1\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unique_ptr<string> p3 (new string (auto));\/\/#4\nunique_ptr<string> p4\uff1b\/\/#5\np4 = p3;\/\/\u6b64\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nshared_ptr<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
unique_ptr\u7528\u7740\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u786e\u5b9e\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u6307\u3002
\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528shared_ptr\u5171\u540c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u90a3\u600e\u4e48\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u201d\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u7684shared_ptr\u90fd\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>\u3002
\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981make_shared?\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u6784\u9020\u4e86\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e92\u76f8\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
weak_ptr<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3shared_ptr\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2aweak_ptr\u8f85\u52a9shared_ptr<\/strong>\u3002
\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9shared_ptr\u589e\u52a0\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7Lock\u65b9\u6cd5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3ashared_ptr\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u6b64\u65f6\u4fbf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u5148\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u539f\u5148\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2ashared_ptr\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n#include <iostream>\n#include <memory>\n\nclass A;\nclass B;\n\nclass A {\npublic:\n std::shared_ptr<B> b_ptr; \/\/ A \u6301\u6709 B \u7684 shared_ptr\n};\n\nclass B {\npublic:\n std::weak_ptr<A> a_ptr; \/\/ B \u6301\u6709 A \u7684 weak_ptr\n};\n\nint main() {\n std::shared_ptr<A> a = std::make_shared<A>();\n std::shared_ptr<B> b = std::make_shared<B>();\n\n a->b_ptr = b; \/\/ A \u6301\u6709 B\n b->a_ptr = a; \/\/ B \u6301\u6709 A \u7684 weak_ptr\uff08\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\n\n \/\/ \u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0ca \u548c b \u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u90fd\u4e3a 1\n return 0; \/\/ \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u6b63\u5e38\u91ca\u653e\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\nunique_ptr\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9488\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u504f\u7279\u5316\uff0c\u8be5\u504f\u7279\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e0b\u6807\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26[]\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
std::unique_ptr<std::string[]> aps(new std::string[10]);\nstd::shared_ptr<int> spi(new int[1024]);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u62f7\u8d1d\u884c\u4e3a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4f8b\u5982\u5982\u4e0b\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709lock\uff0c\u548c\u7ba1\u7406lock\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
void lock(Mutex* pm); \/\/ \u9501\u5b9apm\u6307\u5411\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\nvoid unlock(Mutex* pm); \/\/ \u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u89e3\u9501\n\nclass Lock {\npublic:\n explicit Lock(Mutex* pm) : mutexPtr(pm) {\n lock(mutexPtr); \/\/ \u9501\u5b9apm\u6307\u5411\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\n }\n ~Lock() { \n unlock(mutexPtr); \/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\n }\nprivate:\n Mutex* mutexPtr;\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lock ml1(&m); \/\/ \u9501\u4f4f m\nLock ml2(ml1); \/\/ \u5c06 ml1 \u590d\u5236\u5230 ml2\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48?<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u88ab\u9501\u4f4f\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u4e24\u6b21\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u4e8eRAII\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u7981\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7c7b\u4f3cshared_ptr\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6240\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u90fd\u6ca1\u4e86\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u6790\u6784\uff0c\u6216\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684unlock\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u590d\u5236\u5e95\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\uff08deepcopy\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u8f6c\u79fb\u5e95\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3cunique_ptr\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u6743\u552f\u4e00\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
class Lock {\npublic:\n explicit Lock(Mutex* pm) \/\/ \u7528\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u548c unlock \u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316 shared_ptr\n : mutexPtr(pm, unlock) \/\/ unlock \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5220\u9664\u5668\n {\n lock(mutexPtr.get()); \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u666e\u901a\u6307\u9488\u5e76\u9501\u4f4f\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\n }\n\nprivate:\n std::shared_ptr<Mutex> mutexPtr; \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 shared_ptr \u4ee3\u66ff\u666e\u901a\u6307\u9488\n};\n\nMutex m; \/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5220\u9664\u5668\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4f1a\u5728\u5f7b\u5e95\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u4e4b\u540e\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7c7b\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8bbf\u95ee<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u6307\u7684\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u53bb\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u5199\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u8981\u539f\u59cb\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
std::shared_ptr<Investment> pInv(createInvestment()); \/\/ \u6765\u81ea\u6761\u6b3e13\nint daysHeld(const Investment* pi); \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u5df2\u6301\u6709\u5929\u6570\nint days = daysHeld(pInv); \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\uff01\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\n\/\/ int days = daysHeld(pInv.get()); \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c06 pInv \u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6307\u9488\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 daysHeld<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528get\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u60f3\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5199\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7c7b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u663e\u5f0f\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u9690\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\u663e\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f4\u63a5get\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u9690\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Font {\npublic:\n FontHandle get() const { return f; } \/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u51fd\u6570\n operator FontHandle() const { return f; } \/\/ \u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u51fd\u6570\nprivate:\n FontHandle f; \/\/ \u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5b57\u4f53\u8d44\u6e90\n};\n\nvoid changeFontSize(FontHandle f, int newSize); \/\/ \u6539\u53d8\u5b57\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\nchangeFontSize(f.get(), newFontSize); \/\/ \u660e\u786e\u5730\u5c06 Font \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a FontHandle\nchangeFontSize(f, newFontSize); \/\/ \u9690\u5f0f\u5730\u5c06 Font \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a FontHandle<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u9690\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u51fa\u9519\u51e0\u7387\u589e\u52a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Font f1(getFont());\nFontHandle f2 = f1; \/\/ \u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5199\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u5e94\u5f53\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed3\u679c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u5316FontHandle\u5bf9\u8c61\n \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9ed8\u9ed8\u8f6c\u6362<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6bcf\u4e2aRAII\u7c7b\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u4ed6\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90
\u8bbf\u95ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u5f0f\u6216\u8005\u663e\u5f0f\u3002\u663e\u5f0f\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u9690\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u683c\u5916\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6210\u5bf9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 new \u548c delete \u65f6\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u666e\u901a\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
string * stringArray = new string[100]\uff1b
delete stringArray\uff1b\/\/\u9519\u8bef
delete [] stringPtr2; \/\/\u5220\u9664\u6570\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u539f\u7406\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6307\u660e\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u53bb\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\")
<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528typedef\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u683c\u5916\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5728delete\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u4f60\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63d0\u9192\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u5efa\u8bae\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u7528typedef<\/strong>\uff0c\u8001\u8001\u5b9e\u5b9e\u6362\u6210vector\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
typedef string AddressLines[4];\n string *pal = new AddressLines;\n delete pal; \/\/ \u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\n delete [] pal; \/\/ \u6b63\u786e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u5c06new\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f6e\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u8003\u8651\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
int priority();\nvoid processWidget(std::shared_ptr<Widget> pw, int priority);\n\nprocessWidget(new Widget, priority()); \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\nprocessWidget(std::shared_ptr<Widget>(new Widget), priority()); \/\/ \u6b63\u786e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u70b9\uff08\u53ea\u662f\u63d0\u9192\u4e00\u4e0b\u6ce8\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u6b63\u786e\uff09\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u8c03\u7528 priority() \u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u6267\u884c new Widget \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u8c03\u7528 std::shared_ptr \u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406 new Widget\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0cC++\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5148new\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u518dpriority\uff0c\u518dshared_ptr \u8fd9\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982\u679cpriority\u8fc7\u7a0b\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u5199\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
std::shared_ptr<Widget> pw(new Widget);\nprocessWidget(pw, priority());<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u58f0\u660e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u8ba9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u505a\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u8ba9\u5b83\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5f00\u59cb\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u518d\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728C++\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u5c31\u662fC++\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8ba9\u63a5\u53e3\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u633a\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Date {\npublic:\n Date(int month, int day, int year);\n ...\n};\n\nDate d(30, 3, 1995); \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u5e94\u8be5\u662f \"3, 30\"\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f \"30, 3\"\nDate d2(2, 30, 1995); \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u5e94\u8be5\u662f \"3, 30\"\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f \"2, 30\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u7531\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u4f20\u53c2\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6df1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002\u867d\u7136\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u6709\u63d0\u9192\u5bf9\u5e94\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9clion\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e0d\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u6bd4\u8f83\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8epython\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u4f8b\u5982 day=10\u8fd9\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd5\u7adfc++\u5bf9\u53c2\u6570\u987a\u5e8f\u4e4b\u7c7b\u4e25\u683c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\nC++\u4e2d\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4fbf\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
struct Day {\n explicit Day(int d) : val(d) {}\n int val;\n};\nstruct Month {\n explicit Month (int d) : val(d) {}\n int val;\n};\nstruct Year {\n explicit Year (int d) : val(d) {}\n int val;\n};\n\nclass Date {\npublic:\n Date(Month month, Day day, Year year);\n ...\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Date d(3, 30, 1995); \/\/ error\nDate d(Month(3), Day(30), Year(1995)); \/\/ \u6b63\u786e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
std::shared_ptr<Investment> createInvestment() {\n return std::shared_ptr<Investment>(new Stock);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0cshared_ptr\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u8de8DLL\u95ee\u9898\u3002DLL\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\uff0c\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u8de8\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7shared_ptr\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5220\u9664\u5668\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8de8DLL\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n
std::shared_ptr<Investment> createInvestment() {\n return std::shared_ptr<Investment>(new Stock, [](Investment* p) { delete p; });\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8bbe\u8ba1class\u72b9\u5982\u8bbe\u8ba1type<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u8303<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\n
- \n
- \u6784\u9020\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\n
- \n
- operator new , operator new[]\uff0coperator delete\uff0coperator delete[]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u533a\u522b\n
- \n
- \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ece\u65e0\u5230\u6709\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u62f7\u8d1d\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u8981\u641e\u6df7\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\n
- \n
- \u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7a7a\u95f4\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u901a\u8fc7\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u8bf4\u660e\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\n
- \n
- \u5982\u901a\u8fc7 T t1\uff08t2\uff09 \u662f\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5bf9\u5e94\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u5408\u6cd5\u503c\u7684\u9650\u5236\n
- \n
- \u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u53ea\u6709\u6709\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7c7b\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u5904\u7406\u6216\u8005\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u5141\u8bb8\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u5316\n
- \n
- \u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671bT1\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u9690\u5f0f\u8c61\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aT2\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728T1\u4e2d\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u8f6c\u5316\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5982\uff0coperator T2\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aT2\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005T2\u4e2d\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u663e\u5f0f\uff08non-explicit\uff09\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- class T2 {
public:
\/\/ \u975e\u663e\u5f0f\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7 T1 \u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61
T2(const T1& t1) : value_(t1.getValue()) {}
void display() const { std::cout << \"T2 value: \" << value_ << std::endl; }<\/code>
private:
int value_;
};\n- \n
- \u611f\u89c9\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e9b\u8fc7\u4e8e\u82b1\u6d3b\u4e86\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u5e73\u65f6\u6709\u4eba\u8981\u7528\u5417\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5982\u679c\u53ea\u5e0c\u671b\u663e\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5c31\u5199\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53bb\u505a\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u54ea\u4e9b\u8fd0\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\n
- \n
- \u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u54ea\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u53bb\u5199\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u54ea\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u8981\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\n
- \n
- = delete\u5220\u4e86<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8c01\u8c03\u7528\uff1f\n
- \n
- \u54ea\u4e9b\u662fpublic\uff0c\u662fprotect\uff0c\u662fprivate\u7684\u3002\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570or\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53cb\u5143\u3002\u7c7b\u5d4c\u5957\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u201c\u672a\u58f0\u660e\u63a5\u53e3\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\n
- \n
- \u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u601d\u5bc6\u8fbe\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u65b0type\u591a\u4e48\u901a\u7528\uff1f\n
- \n
- \u6709\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u65cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u53d6\u7528\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u771f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u5417\uff1f\n
- \n
- \u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u591a\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u51e0\u4e2a\u975e\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u53d8\u6210c\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u9762\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f\uff1f\uff1f\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u7528\u5e38\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u4f20\u9012\u66ff\u6362\u503c\u4f20\u9012<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5012\u633a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u5f00\u9500\u4f1a\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u5b8c\u8fd8\u8981\u6790\u6784\u3002const & \u4f20\u9012\u660e\u663e\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u8fd8\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e14\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4e0d\u591a\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5207\u5272\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u7c7b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f20\u9012\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7279\u6709\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u88ab\u5207\u5272\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u865a\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f60\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u7684virtual\u7279\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u6ca1\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Window {\npublic:\n virtual std::string name() const { return \"Window\"; }\n virtual void display() const { std::cout << \"Displaying Window\\n\"; }\n};\n\nclass WindowWithScrollBars : public Window {\npublic:\n virtual std::string name() const override { return \"WindowWithScrollBars\"; }\n virtual void display() const override { std::cout << \"Displaying WindowWithScrollBars\\n\"; }\n};\n\nvoid printNameAndDisplay(Window w) {\n std::cout << w.name() << std::endl;\n w.display();\n}\n\nint main() {\n WindowWithScrollBars wwsb;\n printNameAndDisplay(wwsb); \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5207\u5272\n return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f7f\u7528const &\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528virtual\u7ee7\u627f\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
void printNameAndDisplay(const Window& w);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n- \n
- \u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cSTL\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u662f\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\n
- \n
- \u5bf9\u4e8eint,char,double\uff0c\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u5f00\u9500\u4e5f\u5c0f\uff0c\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\n
- \n
- \u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u5305\u62ecstring\uff0cstring\u6700\u597d\u8fd8\u662fconst &\u4f20\u9012<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5bf9\u4e8eSTL\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u51e0\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u4f20\u9012\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5565\u4e8b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u90a3\u66f4\u662f\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u4e86\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u522b\u5984\u60f3\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u5f15\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u6709\u7406\u6570\u8fde\u4e58\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6790\u6784\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a const & <\/p>\n\n\n\n
const Rational& operator*(const Rational& lhs, const Rational& rhs) {\n \/\/ \u5728\u5806\u4e0a\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Rational\u5bf9\u8c61\n Rational* result = new Rational(lhs.n * rhs.n, lhs.d * rhs.d); \n return *result; \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u5f15\u7528\n}\n\nRational w, x, y, z;\nw = x * y * z; \/\/ \u7b49\u540c\u4e8e operator*(operator*(x, y), z)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u7ed3\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u4e58\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u5f00\u53d1\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4ece\u5806\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u58f0\u660e\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e5f\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rational operator*(const Rational& lhs, const Rational& rhs) {\n return Rational(lhs.n * rhs.n, lhs.d * rhs.d); \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u7533\u660e\u4e3aprivate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u5199\u6210private\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u63d0\u4f9bget\uff0cset\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class AccessLevels {\npublic:\n \/\/ \u53ea\u8bfb\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b getter\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\n int getReadOnly() const { return readOnly; }\n \n \/\/ \u8bfb\u5199\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b getter \u548c setter\n void setReadWrite(int value) { readWrite = value; }\n int getReadWrite() const { return readWrite; }\n \n \/\/ \u53ea\u5199\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b setter\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709 getter\n void setWriteOnly(int value) { writeOnly = value; }\n\nprivate:\n int noAccess; \/\/ \u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a int\n int readOnly; \/\/ \u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a int \u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\u8bbf\u95ee\n int readWrite; \/\/ \u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a int \u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u8bbf\u95ee\n int writeOnly; \/\/ \u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a int \u7684\u53ea\u5199\u8bbf\u95ee\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5c01\u88c5\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u5185\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class SpeedDatacollection\npublic:\n void addValue(int speed);\/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u901f\u5ea6\u503cdoubleaverageSoFar()const;\/\/\u8fd4\u56de\u5e73\u5747\u901f\u5ea6\n})<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5b81\u4ee5\u975e\u6210\u5458\u3001\u975e\u53cb\u5143\u51fd\u6570\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class WebBrowser {\npublic:\n \/\/ \u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6e05\u9664\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\n void clearCache();\n void clearHistory();\n void removeCookies();\n \n \/\/ \u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\n void clearEverything() {\n clearCache();\n clearHistory();\n removeCookies();\n }\n};\n\n\/\/ \u975e\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c clearEverything \u7684\u529f\u80fd\nvoid clearBrowser(WebBrowser& wb) {\n wb.clearCache();\n wb.clearHistory();\n wb.removeCookies();\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u6761\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u662f\u662f\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u5916\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u5f88\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\uff0cc++\u4e0d\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u653e\u5728\u5916\u9762\u8fd8\u66f4\u597d\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\u7834\u574f\u5c01\u88c5\u6027\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e66\u4e2d\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\u6211\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u8868\u9762\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570clearEverything\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u6027\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2aprivate\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u6027\u662f\u6307\u8d8a\u5c11\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95eeprivate\uff0c\u90a3private\u5c06\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u7eed\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5916\u90e8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7c7b\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5176\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
friend\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u7834\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u529b\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728unity\u8fd9\u79cdc#\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2astatic\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5728c++\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u7528namespace\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
namespace WebBrowserStuff {\n class WebBrower { ... };\n void clearBrower (WebBrowser &wb);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u82e5\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e3a\u6b64\u91c7\u7528\u975e\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Rational {\npublic:\n \/\/ \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\n Rational(int numerator = 0, int denominator = 1);\n\n \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u6bcd\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\n int numerator() const;\n int denominator() const;\n\n \/\/ \u5c06 operator* \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\n const Rational operator*(const Rational& rhs) const;\n\nprivate:\n int n, d; \/\/ \u5206\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u6bcd\n};\n\n\/\/ \u793a\u4f8b Rational \u5bf9\u8c61\nRational oneEighth(1, 8);\nRational oneHalf(1, 2);\nRational r1(1, 2), r2(3, 4);\nRational result = r1 * r2; \/\/ \u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u3002\nRational r(1, 2);\nRational result = r * 3; \/\/ \u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002r1.operator*(r2)\nRational result = 3 * r; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5de6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u4e0d\u662f Rational\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u9690\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u4e86r1.operator*(r2)\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u8f6c\u5316\u81ea\u7136\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u653e\u5728\u975e\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const Rational operator*(const Rational& lhs, const Rational& rhs);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5168\u90e8\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u53c8\u6709\u4e86\u7591\u60d1\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u6837\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e 2 * 2\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\uff1f\u5373\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662frational\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fint\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u554a\uff08\uff1f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \u5bf9\u4e8eint,char,double\uff0c\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u5f00\u9500\u4e5f\u5c0f\uff0c\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\n
- \u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cSTL\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u662f\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\n
- \u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u591a\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u51e0\u4e2a\u975e\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u53d8\u6210c\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u9762\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f\uff1f\uff1f\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
- \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ece\u65e0\u5230\u6709\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u62f7\u8d1d\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u8981\u641e\u6df7\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\n
- \u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\n
- \u5177\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\uff1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5e38\u91cf\u6298\u53e0\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\n
- C++\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982
- \u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u72ec\u5360\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.haruhi.fans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-26.png\")
<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.haruhi.fans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-27.png\")
<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n