{"id":68,"date":"2024-10-22T01:19:08","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T17:19:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.haruhi.fans\/?p=68"},"modified":"2025-01-16T01:38:14","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T17:38:14","slug":"%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e6%9c%ba%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%b7%a5%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.haruhi.fans\/?p=68","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5bfc\u8bba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u5806 component\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u4e92\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u548c\u5468\u56f4\u7684 environment \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9 \u754c\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5f88\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u641e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a component \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u624d\u80fd\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u8111\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3 \u7684\u3002Linux kernel \u51e0\u5343\u4e07\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a cpu\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5e76\u53d1\u51e0\u767e\u548c\u51e0\u5343\u4e07\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5341\u56db\u4e2a\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Correctness, Latency, Throughput, Scalability, Utilization, Performance Isolation, Energy Efficiency, Consistency, Fault Tolerance, Security, Privacy, Trust, Compatibility, Usability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Correctness(\u6b63\u786e\u6027)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u600e\u4e48\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff1a\u505a\u5b83\u8be5\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u96be\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f bug \u8fd8\u662f feature\u3002Eg\uff1a\u5728 linux \u4e2d\u4ee5\u70b9\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587 \u4ef6\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6 \u9700\u8981 ls -a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 C \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6ea2\u51fa\u662f undefined behavior\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u628a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5220\u9664\u6389\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a int\uff0c\u518d\u505a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u518d\u5224\u65ad\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u518d\u8f6c\u5316\u56de\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

latency\uff08\u65f6\u5ef6\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u5ef6\u662f\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u82b1\u94b1\u6dfb\u52a0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u8981\u7f29\u77ed\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u65f6\u5ef6\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u7269\u7406\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u5149\u901f\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Troughput\uff08\u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u82af\u7247\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5b83\u52bf\u5fc5\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7269\u7406\u8fbe \u5230\u6781\u9650\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scalability<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u771f\u5b9e\u7684 arm \u6d4b\u8bd5 spin lock\uff0c\u5230 12 \u4e2a\u6838\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

32 \u4e2a\u6838\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u548c 1 \u4e2a\u6838\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u62a2 spin lock\u3002Spin lock \u662f\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a bit\u3002\u968f\u7740 cpu \u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4e89\u62a2\u9501\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

performance isolation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Eg\uff1a\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u8dd1\u4e86 benchmark\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5 1\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u8dd1\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5 2\uff1a\u80cc\u540e\u8fd8\u8dd1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a while(1)\uff0c \u52a0\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a noisy neighbour\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e 99%\u7684 latency \u4f1a\u589e\u52a0 42%\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38 noisy \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c latency \u4f1a\u589e\u52a0 29 \u500d\u3002\u867d\u7136 CPU \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f neighbour \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Utilization\uff08\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e91\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cGoogle \u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684 CPU \u5229\u7528\u7387\u662f 30%\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8981\u6c42\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u9700 \u8981\u9884\u7559\u5f88\u591a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e91\u7aef\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u5f00\u7740\u867d\u7136\u8017\u7740\u7535\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7387\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u62c9\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

energy efficiency\uff08\u8282\u80fd\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a trade-off\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u662f\u7535\u8d39\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7535\u8d39\u3001\u7a7a\u8c03\u7535\u8d39\uff09\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u78b3\u4e2d\u548c\uff0c\u5bf9\u7528\u7535\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u538b\u7f29\u7528\u7535\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

compatibility\uff08\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5b89\u817e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u662f inter \u4ece 32 \u8f6c 64 \u7684\u91cd\u5927\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684 x86 \u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1 \u624d\u80fd\u8dd1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Usability<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5de6\u8fb9\u662f window mobile\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 iphone \u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6613\u7528\u6027\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consistency<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bb9\u9519\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5907\u4efd\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u652f\u4ed8\u5b9d\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e00\u7b14\u94b1\u82b1 \u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba2\u5355\u6263\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u94b1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u5728\u591a\u79cd cache \u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fault Tolerance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cisco \u8def\u7531\u5668\u5382\u5546\u7684 bug report\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u8f90\u5c04\u9020\u6210\u7684 bug\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5148\u5b9a\u4f4d\u884c\u518d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5217\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u5145\u7535\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728 \u5145\u7535\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e34\u8fd1\u4e24\u884c\u7684\u7535\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f31\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u8bfb row1 \u548c row3 \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 row2 \u7684 \u7535\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e0b\u964d\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0crow2 \u7684 1 \u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210 0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5148\u5b9a\u4f4d\u884c\u518d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5217\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u5145\u7535\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728 \u5145\u7535\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e34\u8fd1\u4e24\u884c\u7684\u7535\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f31\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u8bfb row1 \u548c row3 \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 row2 \u7684 \u7535\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e0b\u964d\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0crow2 \u7684 1 \u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210 0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Security<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u624b\u673a\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u5806\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8d26\u53f7\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u6389\u7535\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u4e22\u5931\u3002\u653e\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u51b7\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7f13\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u624b\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u82af\u7247\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a SSD\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53ea\u662f\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e86\u3002\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u653e\u5728 DDM\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u662f\u660e\u6587\uff0c\u52a0\u5bc6\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u91cc\u662f\u5bc6\u6587\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u62a4\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Privacy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u9690\u79c1\u6a21\u5f0f\u6d4f\u89c8\u7f51\u9875\u65f6\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd8\u662f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u672c\u5730\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7559\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5b58\u8f6c\u50a8\uff08OS dump\uff09\u6216\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\uff08swap\uff09\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u533a\u5206\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9690\u79c1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u4e2d\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trust<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u94b1\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u5b9e\u7269\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u94f6\u884c\u91cc\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94b1\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u4f9d\u8d56\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u94f6\u884c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u94f6\u884c\u4f1a\u59a5\u5584\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5151\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\uff08\u5982\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u7b49\uff09\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u6743\u529b\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982\u519b\u961f\uff09\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8d26\u672c\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5982\u533a\u5757\u94fe\uff09\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5171\u540c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0d\u518d\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5bf9\u5355\u70b9\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\uff08\u5982\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u7a0b\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6210\u719f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 constructive theory<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5efa\u9020\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8fd8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u79ef\u7d2f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff08case study\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u73b0\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a7\u5236\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u590d\u6742\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u660e\u786e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6a21\u62df\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u52a8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u4ee3\u7801\u3001CPU\u3001\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u7535\u8def\u677f\u5e03\u5c40\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u76f8\u4fe1\u67d0\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff09\uff0c\u6765\u9650\u5236\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08M.A.L.H\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modularity\uff08\u6a21\u5757\u5316\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 linux \u5185\u6838\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f30\u7b97\u5927\u7ea6\u6bcf\u4e00\u5343\u884c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a bug\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u9884\u4f30\u7684\u662f\u4e00 \u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u4ee5\u4f30\u7b97\u3002 Debug \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u884c\u6570*bug \u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u662f O(\u4ee3\u7801\u884c\u6570\uff09 \uff0c\u62c6\u5206\u6210 K \u4e2a\u5c0f\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u603b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9664\u4ee5 K\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u91cd\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u9ad8\u5185\u805a\u3001\u4f4e\u8026\u5408<\/strong>\uff1a\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u826f\u597d\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong>\uff1a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u5e94\u8be5\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Abstraction\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u62bd\u8c61\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u62bd\u8c61\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u9075\u5faa\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8fb9\u754c<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u62bd\u8c61\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u884c\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u8d2d\u7269\u201d\u201c\u6d4f\u89c8\u7f51\u9875\u201d\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u51cf\u5c11\u4ea4\u4e92<\/strong>\uff1a\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u5185<\/strong>\uff1a\u62bd\u8c61\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u91cf\u9632\u6b62\u9519\u8bef\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u589e\u52a0\u6a21\u5757\u6570\u91cf\uff08k\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Layering\uff08\u5206\u5c42\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982 7 \u5c42\u6216 4 \u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u53ea\u9700\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u90bb\u5c42\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Hierarchy\uff08\u5c42\u7ea7\u5316\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7ec4\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u5916\u7edf\u4e00\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            \u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            \u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u8db3\u591f\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6781\u9650\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4eba\u8111\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6781\u9650\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u53c2\u5dee\u4e0d\u9f50\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5dee\u8ddd\u5de8\u5927\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f18\u79c0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u751a\u81f3\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u65b0\u624b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u5584\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u9519\u8bef\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

            \u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u65f6\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u9694\u79bb\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • \u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/strong>\uff1a\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u9519\u8bef\u6269\u6563\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u6821\u9a8c<\/strong>\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5047\u8bbe\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6076\u610f\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              1. \u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c06\u4e00\u6bb5\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u590d\u5236\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u68c0\u67e5\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u6cc4\u9732\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              2. \u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6253\u5370\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u6307\u5411\u5185\u6838\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u5185\u6838\u4fe1\u606f\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                \u6a21\u5757\u5316\u548c\u5206\u5c42\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u6a21\u5757\u95f4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4f20\u64ad\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u96be\u70b9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                \u5c3d\u7ba1 M.A.L.H \u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u627e\u5230\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\/\u62bd\u8c61\/\u5206\u5c42\/\u5c42\u7ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u4ecd\u7136\u5145\u6ee1\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u573a\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u9010\u6848\u5206\u6790\uff08case-by-case\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u6570\u767e\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u5982\u4eca\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u6570\u5343\u4e07\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u826f\u597d\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6240\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u9010\u6b65\u79ef\u7d2f\u5e94\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u6dd8\u5b9d\u4f18\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5fc3\u8def\u5386\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \u6784\u5efa\u50cf\u6dd8\u5b9d\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u5b9d\u8fd9\u6837\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u65f6\u3002\u4ee5\u6dd8\u5b9d\u53cc\u5341\u4e00\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u9700\u5904\u7406 22.5 \u4ebf\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6781\u9ad8\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                \u50cf\u5546\u54c1\u4ecb\u7ecd\u56fe\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4ee5PNG\/JPG\u7b49\u683c\u5f0f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8005\u6587\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cc\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fe\u7247\u662f\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u9014\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6253\u5f00\u9875\u9762\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u8005\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u518d\u8bf4\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u9891\u7387\u867d\u7136\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\uff01\u4ef7\u683c\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u5355\u65f6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\u6216\u8005\u5ba2\u6237\u6295\u8bc9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u7528\u6237\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u4e14\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u800c\u201c\u4eba\u6c14\u201d\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6d4f\u89c8\u91cf\uff09\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53d8\u5316\u9891\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6c14\u201d\u662f10,883\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u621010,900\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u4e22\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4f53\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u4eba\u6c14\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5b58\u50a8\u7b80\u5355\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u50cf\u4ef7\u683c\u90a3\u6837\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u6bcf\u6b21\u70b9\u51fb\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6dd8\u5b9d\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u8ba1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                \u5728\u5f88\u4e45\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 LAMP \u673a\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7ad9\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                \u6700\u521d\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u67b6\u6784\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u6269\u5c55<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                \u6700\u521d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u56fe\u7247\uff0cCPU\u8d1f\u8d23\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67b6\u6784\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u5dee<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • \u5185\u5b58\u6700\u591a256GB\uff0c\u786c\u76d8\u6700\u591a40T\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u652f\u6301\u6d77\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u50cfFacebook\u6bcf\u5468\u4e0a\u4f2010\u4ebf\u5f20\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u5355\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u627f\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n\n

                  \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u4ece\u5355\u4f53\u5230\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                  \u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u6539\u67b6\u6784+\u5806\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • \u7528\u4e09\u53f0\u4fbf\u5b9c\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e00\u53f0\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u5927\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u4e00\u53f0\u8dd1webserver\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u9875\u9762\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u4e00\u53f0\u8dd1fileserver\uff0c\u5b58\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u4e00\u53f0\u8dd1database\uff0c\u5b58\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    \u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u67b6\u6784\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002
                    \u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    1. \u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u6bd4\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u6162\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\u5ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    2. database\u53d8\u5927\u540e\u67e5\u8be2\u53d8\u6162\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                      \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u5f15\u5165\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u901f\u5ea6<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                      \u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u52a0\u4e00\u5c42\u7f13\u5b58\uff08Redis\/Memcached\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • \u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u67e5\u7f13\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u627e\u5230\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u518d\u53bbdatabase\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u540c\u65f6\u5199\u56de\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                        \u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\uff1a\u7f13\u5b58\u5206\u5e03\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \n
                        • \u5185\u5b58\u6bd4\u786c\u76d8\u5c11\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88c5\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • \u628a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • \u5982\u679c\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u5e03\uff0cmiss\u7387\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • \u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c<\/strong>\uff08\u540e\u9762\u8bb2\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u628amiss\u7387\u4ece75%\u964d\u4f4e\u523025%\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                          \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1aApplication\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                          \u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u8ba9webserver\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6613\u6269\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            \n
                          • \u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5b58\u5230fileserver\u6216database\u4e2d\uff0cwebserver\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u89e3\u6790URL\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u53f0webserver\u6302\u4e86\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6a2a\u5411\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f15\u5165load balancer\uff0c\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684webserver\u4e0a\uff0c\u6302\u6389\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4f1a\u88ab\u53ca\u65f6\u5254\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                            \u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1aDatabase\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                            \u5f53application server\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u591a\u65f6\uff0cdatabase server\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              \n
                            • \u8bfb\u5199\u5206\u79bb<\/strong>\n
                                \n
                              • \u4e3b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08primary\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u5199\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • \u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08secondary\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • \u4e3b\u5e93\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u628a\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u4ece\u5e93\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5206\u8868<\/strong>\n
                                  \n
                                • \u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u62c6\u5206\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff08\u5982\u4e00\u5f20\u5927\u8868\u5206\u621010\u5f20\u5c0f\u8868\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                  \u7b2c\u4e94\u6b65\uff1aFileserver\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                  \u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684server\u53d8\u6210\u591a\u53f0\u65f6\uff0cfileserver\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n
                                  • \u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1aNFS\u3001GFS\u3001HDFS\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • \u5916\u90e8\u8868\u73b0\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4ece1\u53f0\u6269\u5c55\u5230100\u53f0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                    \u7b2c\u516d\u6b65\uff1a\u5f15\u5165CDN\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u65f6\u5ef6<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                    \u5f53\u7528\u6237\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u65f6\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65f6\u5ef6\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5e7f\u5dde\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u676d\u5dde\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5f88\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      \n
                                    • \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u5f15\u5165CDN\uff08\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • \u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u90e8\u7f72\u7f13\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u628a\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u56fe\u7247\uff09\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u5730\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • \u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u79bb\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u8fd1\u7684CDN\u8282\u70b9\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u65f6\u5ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                      \u56fe\u7247\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                        \n
                                      1. \u56fe\u7247URL\u5b58\u50a8\u5728webserver\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u8fd4\u56deCDN\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      2. \u7528\u6237\u4eceCDN\u4e0b\u8f7d\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                        \u7b2c\u4e03\u6b65\uff1a\u62c6\u5206\u5fae\u670d\u52a1<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                        \u968f\u7740\u4e1a\u52a1\u53d8\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u7684webserver\u67b6\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6dd8\u5b9d\u548c\u652f\u4ed8\u5b9d\u7684\u573a\u666f\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          \n
                                        • \u6dd8\u5b9d\u9700\u8981\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5343\u4eba\u5343\u9762\u3001\u70ed\u641c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                        • \u652f\u4ed8\u5b9d\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027<\/strong>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u6b3a\u8bc8\u68c0\u6d4b\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                          \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                            \n
                                          • \u628a\u5927\u5757\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          • \u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          • \u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\uff08MQ\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          • \u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong>\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6162\u901f\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                            Fault<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                            \u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002 \u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u6210\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f \u6700\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u5c31\u662f fault<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                            Fault \u662fError\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002Error \u662f fault \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0cfailure \u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u90fd\u4e0d\u51fa\u9519\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u603b\u4f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u51fa\u9519\u7387\u662f\u968f\u7740\u673a\u5668\u6570\u91cf\u6307\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                            \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6253\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u51fa\u9519\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77 \u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u540c\u65f6\u65ad\u6389 90%\u673a\u5668\u7684\u7535\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u8fd8\u80fd work\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5bb9\u9519\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                            \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5230 service\uff0c\u539f\u56e0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              \n
                                            • 1. \u7f51\u7edc\u4e22\u5305 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • 2. \u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u6392\u961f\uff08\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5305\u6ee1\u4e86\u5728\u6392\u961f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u8010\u5fc3\u5230\u4e86\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • 3. \u8fdc\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u6302\u4e86<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • 4. \u8fdc\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6302\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\uff0cjava \u7684\u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236 jc\uff0c\u9700\u8981 jvm \u6682\u505c\u4f4f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • 5. \u5176\u5b9e\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6302\u4e86\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8fde\u70b9\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u4e24\u7b14\u8f6c\u8d26\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                              Lamport \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba\uff0c2013 \u56fe\u7075\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              MTTF\u3001<\/strong>MTTR\u3001<\/strong>MTBF<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                \n
                                              • MTTF\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u591a\u4e45\u4e0d\u5b95\u673a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              • MTTR\uff1a\u51fa\u9519\u4ee5\u540e\u4fee\u590d\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              • MTBF\uff1a\u4e24\u6b21\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                MTBF = MTTF + MTTR<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 \u03bb \u662f\u5931\u6548\u7387<\/strong>\uff08failure rate\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u6545\u969c\u7387\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u7684\u6982\u7387<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                R(t) \u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/strong>\uff08 system reliability\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e32\u8054\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1aMTTF \u662f\u5404\u9879\u5012\u6570\u548c\u7684\u5012\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e76\u8054\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u6267\u884c\u8981\u6c42\u662f M \u4e2a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6709 N \u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                MTBF \u7684\u4e00\u5f20\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                CAP\u5b9a\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                CAP \u5b9a\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08Availability\uff09\u3001\u5212\u5206\u7684\u5bb9\u9519\uff08Partition\uff09\u4e09\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u4e8c\u3002 Partition tolerance\uff1a\u5c31\u7b97\u7f51\u7edc\u88ab\u9ca8\u9c7c\u54ac\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u53d8\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002CAP \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u540c\u65f6\u53ea\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  \n
                                                • CA\uff08\u4e00\u81f4\u6027 + \u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff09\uff1a\u5355\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u4e14\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • CP\uff08\u4e00\u81f4\u6027 + \u5206\u533a\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\uff09\uff1aHBase\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\u65f6\u62d2\u7edd\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u727a\u7272\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • AP\uff08\u53ef\u7528\u6027 + \u5206\u533a\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\uff09\uff1aDNS\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\u65f6\u4f9d\u7136\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                  Inode-based file system<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

                                                  \u5728\u5355\u673a\u4e0a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f inode-base file system\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5bf9\u5355\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u89e3\u5256\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u518d\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    \n
                                                  • \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff1adurable\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u653e\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60 \u5173\u673a\u800c\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                  • \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u6709\u540d\u5b57\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u547d\u540d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u53bb \u6307\u5b9a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                    \u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u548c\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5728 \u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684 bigpicture \u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 abstraction\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u53d1 \u660e\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u628a\u786c\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7 os \u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5305\u88c5\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u7ec4\u65b0\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    \u6587\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u4e48 api \u5462\uff1fOpen\uff0c\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u540c\u6b65\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff0c \u53ef\u8bfb\u53ef\u5199\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u76ee\u5f55\uff0cmount \uff08\u6302\u8f7d\uff09\u548c unamount\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    A Naive File System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u600e\u4e48\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a block \u65e9\u671f\u662f 512 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53d8\u6210\u4e86 4k\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8981\u653e\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u653e\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a \u4e86\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u5c31\u6709 durable \u7279\u6027\u4e86\u3002 \u540d\u5b57\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u653e\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a block \u5b58\u653e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \n
                                                    • 1. \u56e0\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u653e\uff0c\u589e\u5220\u540e\u5b58\u5728\u788e\u7247 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    • 2. \u6587\u4ef6 copy \u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f 107 \u7f16\u53f7\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u78c1\u76d8\u672c\u8eab\u8026\u5408 \u7684\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u505a\u5c42\u5c42\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u53d8\u6210\u5bb9\u6613\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u5206\u4e3a 3+3+1\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u5c42\u8ba9\u4eba\u6765\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      Block Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                      block layer\uff0c\u4f60\u7ed9\u6211\u4e00\u4e2a block number\uff0c\u6211\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a block data\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec32 \u8981 107 \u53f7\uff0c\u4f60\u7ed9\u6211 4k \u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e2a block \u591a\u5927\uff0c\u662f 4k \u8fd8\u662f 512b\uff1b \u54ea\u4e9b block \u88ab\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f free \u7684\uff1b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5728 block \u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684 superblock\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7528\u6765\u542f \u52a8\u7684\u3002Superblock \u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86 block \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0cfree block \u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 superblock \u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5f88\u591a \u539f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b83\u600e\u4e48\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a block \u662f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u4f1a\u9884\u7559\u4e00\u5757\u7528\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55 bitmap\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f \u4e00\u4e32 010101010,0 \u8868\u793a free\uff0c1 \u8868\u793a used\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a 01 \u5c31\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u9762\u7684 block \u662f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd8\u662f \u6ca1\u7528\u3002Block size \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a trade-off\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539 block size\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a block size \u592a\u5c0f\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9 \u610f\u5473\u7740\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u7684\u592a\u788e\u4e86\u3002\u592a\u5927\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u6d6a\u8d39\u6389\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f free \u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a block \u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684 block \u662f 4095 \u7684 size\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 bitmap \u6765 \u5b58\u50a8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u30024k \u7684 block \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u653e 8*4096=32K \u4e2a block \u7684\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a 4K \u7684 bitmap \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230 32K*4K = 128M \u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31 \u6709\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      File Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                      File Layer \u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u5b58\u50a8\u5757\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u4e86 block \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5c0f\u4e8e 4k\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 block_id \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 name\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5fc5\u7136\u6bd4 4k \u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5360 block \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      planA:\u6587\u4ef6\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u653e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                      planB\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u653e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u7684 block number \u5462\uff1f\u6211 \u4eec\u5c31\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 index node\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u4e86 8 \u4e2a block\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5c31\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a id+\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a 8 \u4e2a block id \u8bb0\u5f55\u5728 index node \u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u4e86 block number\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a N \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5f88\u6709\u8bb2\u7a76\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a size \u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f block \u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f 4k \u7684\u6574\u6570\u500d\uff0c \u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a size \u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 byte \u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a block \u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u7528\u5b8c\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684 N \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 Inode \u652f\u6301\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u5462\uff1f\u600e\u4e48\u63d0\u9ad8\u5462\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u5982\u679c N \u662f 1000\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u6700\u591a\u624d 1000*4K\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55 \u8fd9\u4e2a block number\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u652f\u6301 4G \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 4G\/4KB * 64B\uff08\u78c1\u76d8\u7684 block_id \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff09=8M\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a 4G \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u5b58\u5b83\u7684 index \u5c31\u8981\u7528\u5230 8M\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a Inode 8M\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u5b58\u8fd9\u4e2a Inode\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8fd9\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8 8T\uff0c\u7528 4T \u6765\u5b58 Inode\uff0c4T\/8M = 50 \u4e07\u4e2a \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u624d 4G\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u4e86 \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a 8M \u7684 inode\uff0c\u5c31\u672c\u672b\u5012\u7f6e\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u9884\u7559 \u6210\u53ef\u4f38\u7f29\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u6307\u5411 block \u7684\u3002\u540e\u9762\u51e0\u4f4d\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ea7\u768434 block\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a block_index\u3002\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7684 block \u662f 4k\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u662f 8 \u4e2a byte\uff0c\u53ef \u4ee5\u6307\u5411 512 \u4e2a block\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u548c\u9875\u8868\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5f88\u50cf\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u4e5f\u7528\u6ee1\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u52a0\u4e00 \u7ea7\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u662f 512*512 \u4e2a\u6307\u5411 block \u7684 block_index\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u524d\u9762\u51e0 \u4e2a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u589e\u957f\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u5bf9\u4e8e layer2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a double indirect block \u548c triple indirect block \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u6765\u8bf4 \u662f\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u6709\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e86 inode\u3002\u9875\u8868\u7684\u8bdd\u6240\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u662f 4 \u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u3002\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u95ee\u9898\u5176 \u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec inode \u5728\u54ea\uff0c\u548c\u9700\u8981\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 offset\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94 block \u5728\u54ea\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      Inode Number Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a free \u7684 inode \u7684\u94fe \u8868\u4e32\u8d77\u6765\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u6240\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a Inode number \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14 copy \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cinode-number \u662f\u4f1a\u53d8\u52a8\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      File Name Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a user-friendly \u7684 name\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c inode-number \u505a\u4e00 \u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u5462\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a dict \u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u6700\u540e\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u91cc\u9762\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 inode-number \u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002Foulder \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f\u5f88\u8bef\u5bfc\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u53ea\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 inode-numer\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6587 \u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u7528\u76ee\u5f55\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u51c6\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u53bb\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u627e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 Inode-number\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86 lookup \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u5b8c\u5907\u4e86\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u6709 \u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\uff09\uff0cls \u6709\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c \u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u540d\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a path name \u5c42\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31 \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a Inode-number\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5728 inode \u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u662f \u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u50cf inode \u548c data \u5728\u4e0b\u5c42\u90fd\u662f block \u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      Path Name Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u65e2\u7136\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e86 path name\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa projects\/paper\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u53bb\u5f53\u524d \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u627e projects\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u4ee5 projects \u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u627e paper\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u592a\u6df1\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u6253\u597d\u51e0\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u91cc\u9762\uff0c \u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 inode-number \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a inode-number\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a inode \u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a name\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e00 \u4e2a\u5f88\u6df1\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 inode \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5220\u6389\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd8\u662f \u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5220\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u672c\u8d28\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u662f\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684helloworld.txt -> 12\u5220\u9664\u6389\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5220\u9664block \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8fd8\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5728 inode \u4e2d\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a reference counter\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u5220\u9664\u5b8c reference counter == 0 \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a type \u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u5047\u8bbe inode \u6709\u4e2a x\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u76ee\u5f55 a\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55 a \u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u76ee\u5f55 b\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6765 link \u628a\/a\/b\/c \u5bf9 \u5e94\u5230\/a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728 a \u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411 a \u7684 link\u3002a \u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u6307\u5411\u5b83\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f \/a \u548c\/a\/b\/c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684 ref count \u662f 2\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5220\u9664\/a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684 ref \u662f 1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ece x \u518d\u4e5f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230 a \u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5220\u6389\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31 \u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u5783\u573e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7981\u6b62\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u7684 linux \u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec \u5df2\u7ecf\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a rm -r \u5728 unix \u7b2c 6 \u7248\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u53bb rename \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u53bb\u505a\u6539 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 mv (from,to)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u7275\u6d89\u5230 3 \u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        \n
                                                      • 1. \u628a to \u5220\u4e86\uff0cto \u7684 ref count \u53d8\u6210 0. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      • 2. \u628a from \u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a to \u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0cfrom \u7684 ref count \u53d8\u6210 2. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      • 3. \u518d\u628a from \u7684 ref count \u53d8\u6210 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                        \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21 crash\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728 1 \u548c 2 \u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u65ad\u7535\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5c11\u4e86 to \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec atomic\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u95f4\u65ad\u7535\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c \u56de\u590d\u5230\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u505a\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u505a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                        Absolute Path Name Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                        \u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e86\u76ee\u5f55\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8981\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u6211\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c38 \u4f60\u770b\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u6e20\u9053\u53bb\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6839 \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u6700\u540e\u5c31\u5b9a\u4e49 \u4e3a\/\uff0c\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u7684.\u548c..\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                        \u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230 \/programs\/pong.c<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        1. \u5b9a\u4f4d\u6839\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          \n
                                                        • \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5730\u5740<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u7684 inode \u7f16\u53f7\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e3a 1<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        • \u901a\u8fc7 super block \u627e inode table<\/strong>\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 super block \u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86 inode table \u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u627e\u5230 inode table\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        • \u627e\u5230\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 inode<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728 inode table \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4f4d inode \u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a 1<\/strong> \u7684 inode \u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e block\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                          2. \u89e3\u6790\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                            \n
                                                          • \u8bfb\u53d6 block 14<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 inode \u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e block \u662f block 14<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u53d6 block 14 \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • \u5b9a\u4f4d programs<\/code> \u6761\u76ee<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728 block 14 \u4e2d\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u540d\u4e3a programs<\/code> \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u7684 inode \u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a 7<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                            3. \u5b9a\u4f4d programs<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                              \n
                                                            • \u901a\u8fc7 inode table \u67e5\u627e inode 7<\/strong>\uff1a\u56de\u5230 inode table\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u7b2c 7<\/strong> \u4e2a inode \u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                            • \u8bfb\u53d6 inode 7 \u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/strong>\uff1ainode 7 \u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u662f block 7<\/strong>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u53d6\u8be5 block \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                              4. \u89e3\u6790 programs<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \n
                                                              • \u5b9a\u4f4d pong.c<\/code> \u6761\u76ee<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728 block 7 \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u540d\u4e3a pong.c<\/code> \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u7684 inode \u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a 9<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                5. \u5b9a\u4f4d pong.c<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  \n
                                                                • \u901a\u8fc7 inode table \u67e5\u627e inode 9<\/strong>\uff1a\u518d\u6b21\u56de\u5230 inode table\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u7b2c 9<\/strong> \u4e2a inode \u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                • \u8bfb\u53d6 inode 9 \u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/strong>\uff1ainode 9 \u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u662f block 61<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  6. \u8bfb\u53d6 pong.c<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \n
                                                                  • \u627e\u5230 block 61<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6 block 61<\/strong> \u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6 \/programs\/pong.c<\/code> \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6574\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u89e3\u6790\u662f\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7 inode \u548c\u6570\u636e block \u7684\u6307\u9488\u4e0d\u65ad\u89e3\u6790\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e block\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa temp \u76ee\u5f55\u7684 inode \u53f7\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d8\u6210 16 \u8fdb\u5236\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 debug \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u30022e \u5c31\u662f.\uff0c2e2e \u5c31\u662f..\u3002 0102 \u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u610f\u601d\u30020c00 \u5c31\u662f\u957f\u5ea6\u3002c40f \u5c31\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u9879\u5230\u5934\u4e86\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f inode-number\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u771f\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u957f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6709\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u4e09\u5c42\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c \u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5149\u7528 inode-number \u505a\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u53cb\u597d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u7528 inode \u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u968f\u610f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7read-write \u4fee\u6539\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5143\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Inode \u6765\u8bf4\uff0c \u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6570\u636e\u533a\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7open\/read\/write \u6765\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7 ls\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6709\u4e86\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c \u518d\u5f80\u4e0a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u6811\u72b6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8fd8\u6709 link \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0clink \u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411 a.txt \u7684 a.ln link\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6 a.ln\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u7684 \u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4e00\u8d77\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684 2 \u662f reference count\uff0c\u5f53 ref cnt \u53d8\u4e3a 0 \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cinode \u548c data \u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab free \u6389\u30026 \u5c31\u662f\u6587\u4ef6 size \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053 link \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u63d2\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a u \u76d8\u5230\u4e86\u7535\u8111\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u4e2d \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411 u \u76d8\u7684 link\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cinode-number\u3001space \u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 u \u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684 Inode-number\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 link\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    Symbolic Link Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u800c\u7b2c\u4e03\u5c42 symbolic link layer\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26 \u4e32\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u9700\u8981\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u505c\u7559\u5728\u6253\u5f00 symbolic link \u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u8bfb \u53d6\u51fa\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6307\u5411\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728 inode_type \u4e2d\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0 symbolic link\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa s-link \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u6307\u5411\/tmp\/abc \u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4 readlink \u6765\u8bfb\u51fa symbolic link \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u30028 \u662f\/tmp\/abc \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u5b58\/0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d \u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528 cat \u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a hello, world \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\/tmp\/abc \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c \u624d\u4f1a\u8bfb\u5230 hello, world\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u54ea\u6015\u539f\u5148\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a \u90a3\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a symbolic link\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e hard link \u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587 \u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a hard link\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a inode \u90fd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u56fe\u6765\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e00\u4e0b hard link \u548c symbolic link\u3002Hard link \u662f\u901a\u8fc7 inode-number \u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c symbolic link(soft link)\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6765\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002Symbolic link \u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\uff0c \u800c hard link \u9664\u4e86.\u548c..\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\/Scholarly\/programs\/www\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u592a\u957f\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a symbolic link \/CSE-web\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 cd CSE-web; cd ..; \u6211\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b54\u6848\u662f\/Scholarly\/programs\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u8fd9\u662f bash \u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u7684\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u8ddf\u7b26\u5408\u76f4\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5355\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u524d\u9762 7 \u5c42\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u548c\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    1.\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u4e3a\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5b58\u5728 inode \u91cc\uff09\u548c\u6570\u636e \uff08inode \u6307\u5411 block \u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u800c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5 \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 hardlink \u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8d4b\u4e88\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411 Inode \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684 hard link \u548c\u539f\u5148\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    2.\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u957f\u77ed\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u8bb2\u5b8c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u78c1\u76d8\u4e2d\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u770b\u6587 \u4ef6\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u88ab\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 system call \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u3002\u800c\u7528\u6237\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 lib42 \u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u5b66\u8fc7 C\uff0cC \u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec include \u4e0d\u540c\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d \u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528 C \u7684 lib \u662f fopen\uff0c\u5728 linux \u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 open \u7684 syscall\u3002Fopen \u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a file*\uff0c\u800c open \u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a int \u7684 syscall\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    userid \u548c groupid \u53bb\u505a\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u7136\u540e\u662f\u53ef\u8bfb\u53ef\u5199\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u4e09\u4e2a time, last access, last modification, last change of inode\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    Mtime \u8bf4\u7684\u662f data \u6539\u52a8\uff0cctime \u8bf4\u7684\u662f inode \u6539\u52a8\uff08link \u6539\u52a8 refcount\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    Open \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5148\u8981\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u3002\u5339\u914d userid \u548c groupid\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6743 \u9650\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u66f4\u65b0 last access time\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a fd\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31 \u4f1a\u6709 fd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    Fd \u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u76d8\u3002\u8bfb\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u952e\u76d8\u6b63\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u7684 \u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a process \u90fd\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 fd namesapce\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u63d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7528 fd \u6765 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5462\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de Inode \u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u6838\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de inode \u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u628a\u5185 \u6838\u6570\u636e\u76f4\u63a5\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u4e86\u3002Non-byassability: inode \u6307\u9488\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed5\u8fc7 open\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a open \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u62ff \u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u8fd4\u56de fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f inode\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e4b\u540e\u7684 Open \u5c31 \u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u968f\u5730\u62ff\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684 Inode \u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6307\u9488\u53bb\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed5\u8fc7 OS \u5728 open \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5\u3002 \u8fd9\u6837\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u5206\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    Fd \u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86 cursor\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    File_table \u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\uff0c\u800c fd_table \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 fd_table\uff0c\u54ea\u6015 fd \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u7684 file_table \u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002C \u662f B fork \u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab fd_table\uff08file cursor \u76f8\u540c\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab\uff08\u72ec\u7acb file_cursor\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u5728 print \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5171\u4eab fd_table \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab\uff0cchild process \u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u628a parent process \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u8986\u76d6\u6389\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f file_table \u91cc\u7684 ref count \u662f\u8868\u793a\u591a\u6709\u5c11\u4e2a fd \u6307\u5411\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6ce8\u610f FIND_UNUSED_ENTRY\uff0c\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u8fc7\u7684 fd \u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u6211\u4eec\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a:free inode bitmap\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a data bitmap\uff0c\u6700\u5934\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a Superblock\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5143\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\/foo\/bar \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u53bb\u8bfb root_inode\uff08\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a inode \u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53bb\u8bfb\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 block number \u7684 block\uff0c\u8bfb\u5230\u4e86\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86 foo \u7684 inode\uff0c\u627e\u5230 foo \u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86 bar \u7684 inode\u3002\u8bfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u627e\u5230 bar \u7684 block \u8bfb\uff0c\u8bfb\u5b8c\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e0b inode \u7684 access time\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5728 read \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u53bb write \u4e00\u6b21\u78c1\u76d8\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u65b0 access time\u3002\u5728 linux \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u52a0\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u6dfb\u52a0 noatime \u9009\u9879\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f31\u5316 atime \u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31 \u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec close \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0 atime\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8981\u8bfb\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u78c1\u76d8\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e \u5757\uff08block\uff09<\/strong> \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    1. \u9996\u5148\uff1a\u627e\u5230 \/foo<\/code> \u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                    • \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u89e3\u6790\u5148\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u5c42\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    • \u627e\u5230 \/foo<\/code> \u65f6\uff1a\n
                                                                        \n
                                                                      • \u8bfb \/foo<\/code> \u7684 inode<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece inode \u4e2d\u77e5\u9053 \/foo<\/code> \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7f16\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      • \u8bfb \/foo<\/code> \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c inode \u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                        2. \u51c6\u5907\u521b\u5efa bar<\/code><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                          \n
                                                                        1. \u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7684 inode<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                            \n
                                                                          • \u8bfb inode \u4f4d\u56fe\uff08inode bitmap\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684 inode\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                          • \u5206\u914d\u8fd9\u4e2a inode \u4f5c\u4e3a bar<\/code> \u7684 inode\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                              \n
                                                                            1. \u66f4\u65b0 \/foo<\/code> \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                \n
                                                                              • \u8bfb\u53d6 \/foo<\/code> \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9002\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5199\u5165 bar<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u5b83\u7684 inode \u7f16\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                3. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u8981\u201c\u8bfb\u201d\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                \u8fd9\u4e2a \u201c\u8bfb\u201d \u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u78c1\u76d8 \u7269\u7406\u5c42<\/strong> \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                \uff081\uff09\u78c1\u76d8\u6309\u5757\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                  \n
                                                                                • \u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f \u5757\uff08block\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f 4K \u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                • \u5982\u679c \/foo<\/code> \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u662f 4K\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u60f3\u5f80\u5176\u4e2d\u5199\u5165 bar<\/code> \u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u51e0\u5341\u5b57\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u8fd9\u51e0\u5341\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                • \u5fc5\u987b\u628a \u6574\u4e2a 4K \u5757\u8bfb\u4e0a\u6765<\/strong>\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u518d\u5199\u56de\u78c1\u76d8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                  \uff082\uff09\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u4fdd\u62a4\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  • \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5199\u78c1\u76d8\u524d\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                  • \u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6574\u4fee\u6539\u597d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                  • \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u5148\u8bfb\u540e\u5199\u201d<\/strong> \u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                    4. \u66f4\u65b0 bar<\/code> \u7684 inode<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    1. \u5206\u914d\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                        \n
                                                                                      • \u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4f4d\u56fe\uff08data bitmap\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u5757\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                      • \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5757\u5c06\u5b58\u50a8 bar<\/code> \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                          \n
                                                                                        1. \u5199 inode\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                            \n
                                                                                          • \u5728 bar<\/code> \u7684 inode \u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7f16\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                            5. \u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8bfb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                              \n
                                                                                            • \u78c1\u76d8\u6309\u5757\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u8bfb\u6574\u4e2a\u5757\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                            • \u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u5982 \/foo<\/code> \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                            • \u4f4d\u56fe\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u627e\u5230\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684 inode \u548c\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6 inode \u4f4d\u56fe\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4f4d\u56fe\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                              \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u867d\u7136\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u201c\u5199\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00 \u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u534f\u8c03 \u78c1\u76d8\u7269\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong> \u548c \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                              \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u5199\u4e86\uff0c\u4ece data_bit_map \u4e2d\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u5199\u56de\u53bb\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5199\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 block \u540e\u5c31\u518d\u628a block number \u5199\u56de inode\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                              \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                              \u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u96be\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u9001\u4e86 failure \u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                              \u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u5230\u521a\u624d\u8fd9\u4e2a write \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21 write \u9700\u8981\u5199 3 \u6b21\u78c1\u76d8\uff08data_bit_map, inode, data\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u65ad\u7535\u4e86\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f 3 2 \u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f 000,001,010\uff0c…\uff0c111\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \n
                                                                                              • 1. data \u5199\u4e86\uff0c\u800c data_bit_map,inode \u6ca1\u5199\u3002\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5565\u90fd\u6ca1\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e nothing \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                              • 2. Data_bit_map \u5199\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u6ca1\u5199\u3002\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5783\u573e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 inode \u6307\u5411\u8fd9 \u5757\u533a\u57df\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u6574\u4e2a inode \u626b\u63cf\u4e00\u904d\u5f97\u5230 list\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u505a\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e0b bit map\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                              • 3. inode \u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\uff0c\u800c block \u548c data_bitmap \u6ca1\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee \u5230\u6743\u9650\u6587\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e5f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                              • 4. Data \u6ca1\u5199\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                              • 5. Data_bitmap \u6ca1\u5199\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a block\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                              • 6. Inode \u6ca1\u5199\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5148\u5199 data\uff0c\u518d\u5199 data_bit_map\uff0c\u518d\u5199 inode\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a inode \u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                Order \u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u9001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f cache \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6211 \u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u7528\u5230 SYNC\uff0c\u628a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f flush \u5230\u76d8\u4e0a\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5220\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c file_table \u4e2d\u7684 ref_cnt \u4e0d\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85 inode \u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b close \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u628a\u5b83\u5220\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u9664\u4e86 inode\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u600e\u4e48\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e\u5462\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5462\uff1fFAS32 \u5c31\u662f \u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                FAT32 \u4f7f\u7528 file allocation table \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a block-number\u3002\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709 Inode number\u3002 FAT \u8868\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a 64byte \u7684\u8868\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u4e32\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u4e32\u8d77\u6765\u3002 freelist \u4e00\u8def\u4e0a\u628a\u6240\u6709 freeblock \u4e32\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u65b0\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a block \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u628a free_list \u6307\u5411\u5b83\u7684 next\uff0c\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a free\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6539 file32 \u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411 free block\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u70b9\u5462\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u4e00\u904d\u8fd9\u4e2a linked_list\uff0c\u800c\u6211 \u4eec\u7684 Inode \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u4e00\u904d\u4e09\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u94fe\u3002\u5982\u679c linked_list \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u574f\u4e86\u3002 \u4e09\u7ea7\u95f4\u63a5\u7d22\u5f15\u574f\u4e86\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6982\u7387\u5c0f\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                NAT \u9002\u5408\u987a\u5e8f\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6765\u505a\u6570\u7801\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u7531\u4e8e fat \u8868\u6ca1\u6709 inode\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e9b\u5143\u6570\u636e\u3002\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728 directory entry\uff08\u76ee \u5f55\u9879\uff09\u4e2d\u3002inode \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u662f name: inode-number\u3002\u800c FAT \u4e2d\u662f name :\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a block \u7684 number\uff0c size\uff0c….\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u6709 ref count\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u54ea\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u626b\u63cf\u4e00\u904d\u6240\u6709\u7684 \u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 FAT \u4e0d\u652f\u6301 hard link \u7684\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f name \u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e24\u4e2a name \u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a U \u76d8\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6210 FAT\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f 4G\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a 4G \u662f\u7531\u4ec0\u4e48\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff1f\u662f\u56e0 \u4e3a\u5143\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684 size \u53ea\u6709 32 \u4f4d\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u53ea\u80fd\u8868\u793a 4G \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u800c Inode-based file system \u662f\u7531\u6709 \u591a\u5c11\u7ea7 indirect-block \u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u5b58\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c \u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c0f\u4e8e 1k\uff0c\u5e73\u5747 256byte\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a i-node \u5c31\u6709 1k\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 \u5b58\u50a8\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a 4k \u7684 block \u548c 1k \u7684 inode\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a 4k \u7684\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709 \u5b58\u5b8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u7531 size \u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4f1a\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a7a\u9699\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u529e\u6cd5\u628a\u5229\u7528\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u5462? \u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5728 inode \u4e2d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bef\u89e3\u4e3a blocknumber\uff0c\u518d\u52a0 \u51e0\u4e2a flag \u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6587\u4ef6\u5229\u7528\u7387 \u5c31\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u573a\u666f\uff1a\u6218\u5730\u8bb0\u8005\u5e26\u624b\u673a\uff0c\u8fdb\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8fdb\u51fa\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u54e8\u5175\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u54e8\u5175\u975e\u5e38\u61c2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c \u8bb0\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a block \u591a\u4f59\u7684 \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6218\u5730\u8bb0\u8005\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7528\uff0c\u9ed1\u5ba2\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7528\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5c31\u626b\u63cf\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002 \u52a8\u6001\u5730\u4fee\u6539 inode \u4e2d\u7684 size\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u60f3\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8c03\u7528\u5230\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                RPC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u628a file system \u4ece\u5355\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1 40 \u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u505a\u4e86\u3002SUN \u516c\u53f8 \u5e0c\u671b\u5f00\u53d1\u6ca1\u6709\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u90fd\u80fd\u5168\u90e8\u6765\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u6838 \u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u5c31\u662f RPC\u3002RPC \u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b Open,Write,Read \u63a5\u53e3\uff0cRPC \u8fd8\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8de8\u673a\u5668\u7684\u51fd\u6570 \u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7528 RPC\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 socket\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a socket\uff0c \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8981 listen\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5 accept \u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a fd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u53cc\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5199\u5f88\u591a glue code\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cclient \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a fool()\u8c03\u7528\u7684 \u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b RPC \u548c PC\uff08procedure call\uff09 \u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 care \u5b83\u662f local \u8fd8\u662f remote \u7684\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5728 framework \u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7ea7\u522b \u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86 RPC \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 Java \u4e2d\u7684 RMI\uff08remote method invocation\uff09\u3002\u8bf4\u660e RPC \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u8fd9\u4e2a mesure \u51fd\u6570\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf func \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002Get_time \u5c31\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 \u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a GET_TIME \u653e\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u5730\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u53bb \u505a\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u5bf9\u65f6\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002 \u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u591a ping \u51e0\u6b21\uff0c\u53d6\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u5ef6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5047\u8bbe\u4e86\u8fc7 \u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u4e8e\u56de\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u949f\u662f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u662f\u80cc \u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u628a second \u53c2\u6570 convert \u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f big-endian\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f20\u4e00\u4e2a Get time \u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a Message \u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5f97\u5230 response\u3002\u7136\u540e\u518d convert \u56de\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u5f97\u5230 request \u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u505a\u89e3\u6790\u5f97\u5230 opcode \u548c unit\u3002\u5f97\u5230\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a response\uff08OK \u548c bad request \u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\uff09\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u6765\u6765\u56de\u56de\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728 RPC \u7684 stub\uff08\u6869\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7ba1\u7684\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u7528\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5c01\u88c5\u8d77 \u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u5728 stub \u4e2d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u73b0 GET_TIME \u5e76\u4e14\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8fdc\u7aef\u5f97\u5230 response\u3002Stub \u5c31\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u5e95\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u901a \u8baf\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e server \u6765\u8bf4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u89e3\u8026\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e0d\u7528\u8003\u8651\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u8fdc\u7aef\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u51fa \u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u628a\u6570\u636e\u7528\u5408\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f marshal \u6392\u961f\u53d1\u5230\u7f51\u4e0a\u53bb\uff08serialize\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c \u5728 1984 \u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684 RPC \u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5bb9: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                • 1. Xid\uff0cX \u662f transaction \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u544a\u8bc9 server \u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u53d1\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u53d1\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u51fa \u9519\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                • 2. Call\/reply53 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                • 3. RPC version\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u591a\u4e2a version\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u5355\u673a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5e93\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5408\u5728\u4e00 \u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f client \u548c server \u7684\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u517c\u5bb9\u6027 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                • 4. Program, program version, procedure\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u51fd\u6570 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                • 5. Auth stuff\uff0c\u6765\u505a\u9a8c\u8bc1 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                • 6. Arguments\uff0c\u53c2\u6570 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                  \u540c\u6837\u5728 reply \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                  • 1. Accepted <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                  • 2. Success\uff0caccepted \u548c success \u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1fAccepted \u662f\u548c RPC \u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u800c Success \u662f\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u7528\u7684 serveice \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5982\u679c accepted \u662f false\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e RPC \u9636\u6bb5\u5c31\u9519\u4e86\uff0c \u6ca1\u6709\u8c03\u7528\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c success \u662f\u8bf4\u660e RPC \u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u51fa\u9519\u4e86 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                  • 3. Results <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                  • 4. Auth stuff \u600e\u4e48\u8ba9 client \u548c server \u4e92\u76f8\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5462\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    Client \u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u5462\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cmain discovery \u670d\u52a1\u6ce8\u518c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa \u6240\u6709 service \u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u628a \u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9 server\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\u8fd8\u633a\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684 rpc \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 \u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u635f\u5931\u8981\u5360\u636e 20%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f20 paramater \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b pass by value \u800c\u4e0d\u662f pass by reference\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u73b0 pass by reference \u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u5728 page fault \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u865a \u62df\u5730\u5740 copy \u8fc7\u6765\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f DSM\uff08distributed shared memory\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u5728\u4f53\u80b2 \u9986\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u5899\u7528\u7684\u6700\u591a\u3002\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u77e9\u9635\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528 DSM \u6765\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u5757\u5757\u5c4f\u5e55\u7684\u663e\u5b58\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    Server \u91cd\u65b0\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa pointer\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4f20\u53c2\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6311\u6218\u5462\uff1f\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u53f0 \u673a\u5b50\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 IEEE 754 \u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u89e3\u91ca\u6807\u51c6\u2026\u2026etc\u3002\u662f 64 \u4f4d\u8fd8\u662f 32 \u4f4d \u8fd8\u662f\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8981 \u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u7edf\u4e00\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ec0\u4e48\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4e00\u65e6 server \u66f4\u65b0\u4e86 message field\uff0c\u800c client \u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c \u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651 backward compatibility\uff08\u65b0\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u8bfb\u65e7\u4ee3\u7801\u5199\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09\uff0cforward compatibility\uff08\u65e7\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u8bfb\u65b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5199\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u7528 encoding \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684 SUN \u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 XDR\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u662f JSON\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b google protocol buffers\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d \u7528 language specific format \u5462\uff1f\u6bd4\u5982 java \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u539f\u751f\u7684 serializable \u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u5c31 \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u6210\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff0cPython \u4e5f\u6709 pickle\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f3a\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7ed1\u6b7b\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 \u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u8fd9\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff1ahuman-readable\uff0ceasy to debug\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    1. \u5173\u952e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684 encoding \u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 12 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053 type \u662f\u4ec0 \u4e48\uff0c\u662f signed \u8fd8\u662f unsigned \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    2. \u5c31\u662f\u8981\u652f\u6301 binary \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u57fa\u4e8e base64 \u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f \u8fd9\u53c8\u662f\u624b\u52a8\u8981\u505a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6362\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    3. \u5197\u4f59 \u5728 linux \u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u6784\u9020\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u5e0c\u671b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u7684 \u5f62\u5f0f\u53bb\u62fc\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 asc2 \u6765\u505a\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a procedure \u62c6\u5206\u6210\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec \u628a\u62c6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec6\u5316\u5230\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\uff0c\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e32\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u540e\u8981\u5b66\u7684 function as a service\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u6765\u56de\u90e8\u7f72\u6216\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff0c \u51fd\u6570\u600e\u4e48\u62c6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u62c6\u7684\u4e0d\u597d\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u4ea4\u4e92\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4ece function call \u62c6\u6210 rpc \u964d\u4f4e55 \u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u5668\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u65b0\u53bb\u505a\u5e8f \u5217\u5316\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u5c31\u662f binary format\uff0c\u597d\u5904\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u5f88\u7d27\u51d1\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u6210\u5185\u5b58 \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u7f3a\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8981\u8bfb\u61c2\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53bb\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u628a type \u653e\u5728\u6700\u5934\u4e0a\u5462\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5f88\u5173\u952e\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u6211 \u4eec\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a server \u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a request\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a byte \u5c31\u5f88\u5173\u952e\uff0c \u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a string\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a string \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a 1 \u53f7\uff08username\uff09\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4e32\u4e00\u4e2a length=6\uff0c \u540e\u6765\u662f\u4f20 6 \u4e2a byte\u3002\u7136\u540e\u662f i64 \u7c7b\u578b\u2026\u2026\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f data\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f metadata\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff0cmetadata \u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    1. \u628a 3 \u4e2a byte \u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a byte\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a tag \u4e0d\u4f1a\u592a\u5927 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    2. Length \u5f88\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u957f\u7684 8 \u4f4d list\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf 8 \u4f4d\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e3a 1\uff0c \u8bf4\u660e\u5269\u4f59 7 \u4f4d\u4e2d\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u6700\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a tag \u548c type \u538b\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a byte\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c31\u662f 34 \u4e2a byte \u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u6765\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    Forward compatibility\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u60f3\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1 field tag \u548c field type \u662f\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6 \u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5c0f\u8282\uff1ahuman-readable \u548c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6743\u8861\u3001\u6700\u77ed\u8d8a\u597d\u3001\u4fdd\u8bc1\u517c \u5bb9\u6027\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b IDL \u53bb\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u6700\u5e95\u4e0b\u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651 \u662f TCP \u8fd8\u662f UDP\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u4e22\u5305\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 UDP\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 RDMA\uff08direct memory access\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u5e95\u5c42 \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u9047\u5230 <\/strong>Failure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \u5f53 RPC \u9047\u5230 FAILURE \u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a local \u7684 procedure call \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cfailure \u7684\u60c5\u51b5 \u4e0b\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u673a\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002Call \u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5730\u5740 \u538b\u6808\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740\u53bb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee \u9898\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4f1a\u88ab kill \u6389\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53bb\u8003\u8651 call \u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u6210 \u4e86 RPC\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u51fa\u9519\u3001RPC \u7248\u672c\u51fa\u9519\u3001\u5bf9\u65b9 server crash\u3001 \u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a RPC \u8c03\u7528\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                    • 1. \u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u6ca1\u6709\u5230 server\u3002 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                    • 2. Server \u7684 response \u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u5230 client\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                    • 3. \u8fdc\u7a0b crash <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                    • 4. Request \u961f\u5217 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                    • 5. \u8fdc\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u8d85\u65f6\u4e86<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                    • 6. \u6267\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728 delay \u7b49\u5f85 RPC \u8c03\u7528\u4ee5\u540e\u7b49\u591a\u4e45\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u5f88 tricky\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                      \u5bf9\u4e8e RPC \u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f1a return \u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef status\u3002RPC \u7684\u671f\u671b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0cexactly once\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\uff1a 0 \u6b21\uff0cserver \u6ca1\u6267\u884c 1 \u6b21\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38 1 \u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21\uff0cclient \u53ef\u80fd\u7b49\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e86\u518d\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5 RPC \u4e00\u822c\u63d0\u4f9b at least once\uff08\u6ca1\u6536\u5230 response \u5c31\u91cd\u8bd5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 ok\uff09\u548c at most once\uff08\u53ea \u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6b21\uff09 \u5e42\u7b49\u6027\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0 at most once\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u548c\u6267\u884c\u4e24\u6b21\u662f\u4e00 \u6837\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6309\u7535\u68af\uff1a\u6309\u4e09\u6b21\u548c\u6309\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b58\u94b1\u4e0d\u662f\u5e42\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e86\u5e42\u7b49\u6027\uff0c \u600e\u4e48\u5b9e\u73b0 at most once \u5462\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6709\u522b\u7684\u673a\u5236\u53bb\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002Server \u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u7684 xid \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b \u6765\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u8fc7\u4e86\u90a3\u5c31\u8fd4\u56de OK\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                      RPC \u6709\u5f88\u591a component\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u8981\u6709\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 lib \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e95\u5c42\u7ec6\u8282 stub\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u4e86 IDL \u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e9b stub code\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53bb\u505a\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff0cserver \u5c31\u662f \u53bb reply\uff0cserver \u7684 framework \u4f1a\u628a message dispatch \u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 server \u4e2d\u3002 \u8d85\u65f6\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                      NFS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                      • NFS \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1aNFS \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u50cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                      • \u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u6302\u8f7d\u201d\u5230\u672c\u5730\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5199\u5165\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                      • \u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1aNFS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u72ec\u7acb\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5d29\u6e83\u540e\u65e0\u9700\u6062\u590d\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                      • \u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                        \u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                        • \u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u5355\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                        • \u53ef\u9760\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                        • \u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          GFS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                          \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          GFS\uff08Google File System\uff09\u662f\u4e13\u4e3a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          \u603b\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          1. \u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          GFS \u91c7\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a64 MB\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u79f0\u4e3aChunkserver\uff09\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u5e03\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8f7b\u677e\u6269\u5c55\u6574\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          2. \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          GFS \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff08Master node\uff09\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5757\uff08Chunk\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u627e\u5230\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5757\u540e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e Chunkserver \u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          3. \u591a\u526f\u672c\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          \u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5757\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Chunkserver \u4e0a\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a3\u4e2a\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u65f6\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u526f\u672c\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5355\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u800c\u4e22\u5931\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u526f\u672c\u673a\u5236\u8ba9 GFS \u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          4. \u5e76\u884c\u8bfb\u5199<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          GFS \u652f\u6301\u5e76\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Chunkserver \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u8bfb\u5199\uff0cGFS \u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          5. \u677e\u6563\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          GFS \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd \u677e\u6563\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b<\/code> \uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6570\u636e\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u534f\u8c03\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u867d\u7136\u653e\u5bbd\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          6. \u5bb9\u9519\u548c\u6062\u590d\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          GFS \u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5bb9\u9519\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u6d4b Chunkserver \u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6307\u6d3e\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          \u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          GFS \u6ca1\u6709\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b API\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 POSIX API\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f \u7528\u6237\u7ea7 API<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          \u652f\u6301\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                          • \u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1acreate\/delete\/open\/close\/read\/write\uff08\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u6253\u5f00\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5199\u5165\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                          • \u989d\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1asnapshot\/append\uff08\u5feb\u7167\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                            \u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                            • \u94fe\u63a5\uff08link\uff09\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\uff08symlink\uff09\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\uff08rename\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                              \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                              GFS\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u4e2amaster\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                              \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aGoogle\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f64M\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u5757\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                              • \u6240\u6709\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                • \u8d85\u5feb\u901f\u8bbf\u95ee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                • \u540d\u79f0\u5230\u5757\u7684\u6620\u5c04<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                  • \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u5b58\u50a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                  • \u540c\u65f6\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u6301\u4e45\u5316\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e3b\u673a\u6302\u4e86\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                  • \u5757ID\u5230\u5757\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6620\u5c04<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                    • \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                    • \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u5757\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u8be2\u95ee\u5757\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2aChunkSercer\u4fe1\u606f\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                    • \u4fdd\u6301\u6700\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 \uff1a \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                      \u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                      \n

                                                                                                                      GFS\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                      • \u6ca1\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u7684API<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                        \u4e0e\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u4ea4\u4e92\u8fdb\u884c\u5143\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                        • \u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u5757\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u4e92\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                          \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                          • \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                            \u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                            • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u5757\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                            • \u552f\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7f13\u5b58<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                              \u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u539f\u56e0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                              • \u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u673a\u4f1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f13\u5b58\u5143\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                • \u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                  \u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                  1. \u8054\u7cfb\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff08master\uff09<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                    • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9996\u5148\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                    • \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff08metadata\uff09\uff1a\u5757\u53e5\u67c4\uff08chunk handles\uff09<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                      • \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u8fd4\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5757\u53e5\u67c4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u6b64\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002
                                                                                                                                        \u83b7\u53d6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u53e5\u67c4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08location\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                      • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5757\u6240\u5728\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/strong>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08chunkserver\uff09\u4e0a\u6709\u5b58\u50a8\u526f\u672c\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                        • \u8054\u7cfb\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5757<\/code>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08chunkserver\uff09\u83b7\u53d6\u5757\u6570\u636e\uff08\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5907\u4efd\u8fc7\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                        • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ece\u4efb\u610f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5757\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002<\/strong>\uff08\u771f\u6b63\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                          \u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                          • \u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0e\u8bfb\u53d6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u592a\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                          • \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1aGFS \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u677e\u6563\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bfb\u5230\u521a\u5199\u5165\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                          • \u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                            • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u6700\u7ec8\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\uff08\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                            • \u51cf\u5c11\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                              \u4e3a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9700\u8981\u534f\u8c03\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                              \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u534f\u8c03\uff1f<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                              • \u8003\u8651\u5230\u5e76\u53d1\u5199\u5165<\/strong>\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\u6765\u534f\u8c03\u5199\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\uff1f<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                • \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                  \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                  • \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff08Master\uff09\u4f1a\u5411\u67d0\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u6388\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u79df\u7ea6\uff08Chunk Lease\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\uff08Primary Chunkserver\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                    • \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\u662f\u552f\u4e00<\/strong>\u80fd\u591f\u4fee\u6539\u5757\uff08chunk\uff09\u7684\u526f\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5199\u4fee\u6539\u90fd\u5c06\u8981\u53d1\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                    • \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5ef6\u957f\u79df\u7ea6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                      • \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8be5\u5757\u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u77e5\u5176\u4ed6\u526f\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                        \u5177\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                        \u9636\u6bb5 1\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                        • \u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                        • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6807\u8bc6\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\uff08Primary\uff09\u548c\u6b21\u7ea7\u526f\u672c\uff08Secondary\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                        • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u526f\u672c<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                        • \u7ba1\u9053\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d1<\/strong>\uff1a\u526f\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d1<\/strong>\u6570\u636e\u3002\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c0f\u5355\u4e2a\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u538b\u529b\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                        • \u5757\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                          \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                          \u9636\u6bb5 2\uff1a\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                          • \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff08\u63d0\u4ea4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                          • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u526f\u672c\u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                          • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\uff08Primary\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                          • \u4e3b\u526f\u672c\uff08Primary\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff08\u5148\u5e94\u7528\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u526f\u672c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                          • \u5f53\u6240\u6709\u786e\u8ba4\uff08ack\uff09\u90fd\u6536\u5230\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                            \u603b\u7ed3<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                            \u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff08\u9636\u6bb5 1\uff09\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\uff08\u9636\u6bb5 2\uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                            • \u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff08Phase 1\uff09\n
                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                              • \u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08Client\uff09\u2192 \u5757\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08Chunkserver\uff09\u2192 \u5757\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08Chunkserver\uff09\u2192 \u2026\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                              • \u987a\u5e8f\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u526f\u672c\u95f4\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                              • \u63a7\u5236\u6d41\uff08Phase 2\uff09\n
                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                • \u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08Client\uff09\u2192 \u4e3b\u526f\u672c\uff08Primary\uff09\u2192 \u6240\u6709\u6b21\u7ea7\u526f\u672c\uff08Secondaries\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                • \u987a\u5e8f\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                  \u5757\u7248\u672c\u53f7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                  • \u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u67d0\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8fc7\u671f\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                  • \u4e3b\u526f\u672c\uff08Primary Chunkserver\uff09<\/strong>\u7ef4\u62a4\u5757\u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u3002\uff08\u91cd\u542f\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u66ff\u6362\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5982\u679c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u8fc7\u671f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                    \u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5927\u591a\u6570\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8986\u76d6<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                      • \u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u5411 Google \u7684\u5168\u7403\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8986\u76d6\u5df2\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u5199\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u8986\u76d6\u60c5\u51b5\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                      • \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5199\u5165\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u89c1<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                        • \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8ffd\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                        • \u8ffd\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5373\u4f7f GFS \u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u6240\u6709\u526f\u672c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u540c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                            \u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0cGFS \u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                            \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 GFS \u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                            \u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u540d\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6216\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\uff09\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                            \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5143\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                            \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\uff08key-value store\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                            \u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                            \u677e\u6563\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e76\u53d1\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u8ffd\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5e76\u53d1\u4fee\u6539\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                              \u5355\u8282\u70b9\u4e3b\u63a7\u8282\u70b9\uff08Single-node master\uff09\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                              • GFS \u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u4e00\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5355\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3 GFS \u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\uff0cGFS \u5728 Google \u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                HDFS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                —–another popular (open-source) DFS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                \u57fa\u672c\u548cGFS\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u5c31\u662f\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u540c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                KVS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                \u57fa\u672c\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                KVS: \u952e\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\uff08Key-Value Storage, KVS\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                \u5b58\u50a8\u62bd\u8c61\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff08Value\uff09\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u5b58\u50a8\/\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4e0d\u900f\u660e<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                • \u952e\uff08K\uff09\u548c\u503c\uff08V\uff09\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5982 JSON\u3001\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                • \u6570\u636e\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\uff08K\uff09<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u952e\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5bb9\u9519<\/strong>\u548c\u652f\u6301\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf<\/strong>\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5e94\u7528\u7ea7\u63a5\u53e3\uff08API\uff09\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Get(K) -> V<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u952eK\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503cV\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Scan(K, N)<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u952eK\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u540e\u7eedN\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\uff08\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u7684API\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u65e5\u5fd7\u67e5\u8be2\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Update(K, V)<\/strong>\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u952eK\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u4e3aV\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Insert(K, V)<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Delete(K, V)<\/strong>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u952eK\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5b58\u50a8\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u6620\u5c04\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Key\uff08\u952e\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u8def\u5f84\uff09\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5047\u8bbe\u952e\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u952e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Value\uff08\u503c\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff08K, V\uff09\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                            \u5e94\u7528\u7ea7\u63a5\u53e3\uff08API\uff09\u5bf9\u5e94\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Get(K) -> V<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 OPEN(\u2026) + READ(\u2026)<\/strong> \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Insert(K, V)<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e CREATE(\u2026) + WRITE(\u2026)<\/strong>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Delete(K, V)<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e DELETE(\u2026)<\/strong>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Update(K, V)<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e OPEN(\u2026) + WRITE(\u2026)<\/strong>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              \u8fd9\u79cd\u6620\u5c04\u4f7f\u5f97\u952e\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u6bd4<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0KVS\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5197\u4f59\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Get(K,V)<\/strong> \u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff1aOPEN(\u2026)<\/strong> + READ(\u2026)<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u96f6\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                \u7a7a\u95f4\u653e\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5757\u4e2d<\/strong>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c512B \u5230 4096B\uff09\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5339\u914d\u5e95\u5c42\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5143\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u952e\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff08Value\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53ea\u6709 64B\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u7531\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b58\u50a8\u5c0f\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u65f6\u6d6a\u8d39\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5373\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7a7a\u95f4\u653e\u5927<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Idea\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u51e0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u952e\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4e0d\u540c\u7684Key-Values\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5305\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u4e2d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5f00\u9500\uff1a\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u78c1\u76d8\u786c\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff01\u867d\u7136\u73b0\u4ee3KVS\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u4fee\u6539\u7b56\u7565<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528 append<\/code><\/strong> \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aappend\u662f\u987a\u5e8f<\/strong>\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\uff0c\u78c1\u76d8\u4e2d\u987a\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u901f\u7387\u660e\u663e\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5728\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong>\u518d\u53bb\u4fee\u6539\u3002\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u4e0d\u540c\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u603b\u7ed3\uff08\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/th>\u5178\u578b\u8bbf\u95ee\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong><\/th>\u5355\u4f4d<\/strong><\/th>\u7279\u70b9<\/strong><\/th>\u987a\u5e8f\/\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                                                                                                                                                                                                          CPU \u8bbf\u95ee L1 \u7f13\u5b58<\/strong><\/td>1-3<\/td>\u7eb3\u79d2\uff08ns\uff09<\/td>\u6700\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5c42\uff0cCPU \u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58\u7d27\u5bc6\u8026\u5408<\/td>\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5feb<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                          CPU \u8bbf\u95ee L2 \u7f13\u5b58<\/strong><\/td>3-14<\/td>\u7eb3\u79d2\uff08ns\uff09<\/td>\u6bd4 L1 \u7a0d\u6162\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u901f<\/td>\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5feb<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                          CPU \u8bbf\u95ee L3 \u7f13\u5b58<\/strong><\/td>10-30<\/td>\u7eb3\u79d2\uff08ns\uff09<\/td>\u591a\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u8f83\u6162\u4f46\u5bb9\u91cf\u66f4\u5927<\/td>\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5feb<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                          CPU \u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\uff08RAM\uff09<\/strong><\/td>50-100<\/td>\u7eb3\u79d2\uff08ns\uff09<\/td>\u6bd4\u7f13\u5b58\u6162\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6570\u636e<\/td>\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u8f83\u5feb<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee SSD<\/strong><\/td>50-100<\/td>\u5fae\u79d2\uff08\u03bcs\uff09<\/td>\u56fa\u6001\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5185\u5b58\u6162\u6570\u767e\u500d\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd4 HDD \u5feb\u5f88\u591a<\/td>\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7a0d\u6162\uff08\u7ea62-5\u500d\uff09<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee HDD<\/strong><\/td>5-10<\/td>\u6beb\u79d2\uff08ms\uff09<\/td>\u673a\u68b0\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8f83\u5feb<\/strong>\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff08\u616210-100\u500d\uff09<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08LAN\uff09<\/strong><\/td>0.1-1<\/td>\u6beb\u79d2\uff08ms\uff09<\/td>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8f83\u4f4e<\/td>\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u8f83\u6162<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08WAN\uff09<\/strong><\/td>10-500<\/td>\u6beb\u79d2\uff08ms\uff09<\/td>\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\uff08\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff09\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u9ad8\uff0c\u53d7\u8ddd\u79bb\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u5f71\u54cd<\/td>\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6162<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Log-structured file<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u7279\u70b9<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          append only\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/th>\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/th>\u7b80\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Update<\/strong><\/td>\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\u5c06\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u8ffd\u52a0<\/strong>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5199\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Insert<\/strong><\/td>\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u65b0\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6307\u5411\u6b64\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Delete<\/strong><\/td>\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\u901a\u8fc7\u9644\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2aNULL\u6761\u76ee<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u6bb5\u6e05\u7406\u56de\u6536\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u95ee\u9898<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u8bfb\u53d6\u901f\u7387\u5341\u5206\u7f13\u6162<\/strong>\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u987a\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807 Complexity: O(n)<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Log + in-memory hash index<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5728\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u6620\u5c04\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u952e->\u5b57\u8282\u504f\u79fb\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u95ee\u9898<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u7d22\u5f15\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>RAM\u91cc\u9762<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u53ea\u64c5\u957f\uff1a\u5f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u66f4\u65b0\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u63d2\u5165\u65f6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4f1a\u8017\u5c3d\u5185\u5b58RAM\uff08\u5b58\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u5168\u90e8\u5728\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Log + on-disk hash<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Linked-list based hash index\uff09<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u539f\u7406\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u53bb\u627e\u5757\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u5c31\u4ece\u5934\u5f80\u540e\u5bfb\u627e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u7f3a\u70b9\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u8bfb\u6027\u80fd\u5dee<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u968f\u673a I\/O \u4e2d\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u6876\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u63d2\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u5dee<\/strong>\uff1a\u540c\u6837\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u4e5f\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u8bfb\u53d6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u8fdb\uff1f<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u6876\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u94fe\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Cuckoo hashing<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Get()<\/strong> <\/h6>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5728 Cuckoo Hashing<\/strong> \u4e2d\uff0cGet(key)<\/strong> \u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. \u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 H0<\/strong> \u548c H1<\/strong> \u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u952e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Buckets0[H0(key)]<\/strong> \u6216<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Buckets1[H1(key)]<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5148\u68c0\u67e5 Buckets0[H0(key)]<\/strong> \u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u952e\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5982\u679c Buckets0<\/strong> \u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u8be5\u952e\uff0c\u5219\u68c0\u67e5 Buckets1[H1(key)]<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u8be5\u952e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Insert\uff08\uff09<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u8ba1\u7b97\u952e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1aBuckets0[H0(key)] \u6216 Buckets1[H1(key)]\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u952e\u63d2\u5165\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u7684\u952e\u201c\u8e22\u51fa\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u88ab\u8e22\u51fa\u7684\u952e\u91cd\u65b0\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u6876\u4e2d\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u642c\u8fc1\u952e\uff09\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\u6216\u8005\u8fbe\u5230\u91cd\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Update\uff08\uff09<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. \u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 H0<\/strong> \u548c H1<\/strong> \u67e5\u627e\u952e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. \u5982\u679c\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u8be5\u952e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u66f4\u65b0\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u952e\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4f18\u70b9<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\u5e38\u6570 O(1)\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u952e\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u94fe\u957f\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u7f3a\u70b9<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u63d2\u5165\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u201c\u642c\u8fc1\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5982\u679c\u51b2\u7a81\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff08rehashing\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Method <\/strong><\/td>Update\/Insert efficient<\/strong><\/td>Get efficient <\/strong><\/td>Range<\/strong> <\/strong>Query<\/strong><\/td>Support large dataset<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Log <\/td>Yes <\/td>No<\/td>No<\/td>Yes <\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Log + in-memory hash index<\/td>Yes <\/td>Yes<\/td>No<\/td>No <\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Log + on-disk hash<\/td>No<\/td>Medium<\/td>No<\/td>Yes<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                B+Tree <\/td>No<\/td>Medium<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes <\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                LSM tree<\/td>Yes <\/td>Yes<\/td>Medium <\/td>Yes <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u95ee\u9898<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed4\u7ec6\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6743\u8861\u5229\u5f0a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f<\/strong> -> \u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u8017\u5c3d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u7f3a\u4e4f\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u652f\u6301<\/strong>\uff08\u6548\u7387\u6781\u4f4e\uff09\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u626b\u63cf\u67d0\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u952e\uff08\u5982\u4ece “kitty00000” \u5230 “kitty99999” \u7684\u952e\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5982\u4f55\u9632\u6b62\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u9650\u589e\u957f\uff1f<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Log-structured \u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>\u4f7f\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u8017\u5c3d\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u590d\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u538b\u7f29\uff08Compaction\uff09<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u538b\u7f29\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a\u626b\u63cf\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5c06\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6539\u8fdb\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u5206\u6bb5\u538b\u7f29\uff08Compaction with Segmentation\uff09<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5206\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6bb5\uff08segments\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5199\u5165\u65b0\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u6bb5\u5df2\u6ee1\uff0c\u5c31\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u63a7\u5236\u538b\u7f29\u7c92\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u6bb5\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u538b\u7f29\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5220\u9664<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • append\u4e00\u4e2aNULL\u7684entry<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Garbage-collected \u5728 compaction \u671f\u95f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            LSM_TREE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784B\u6811\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 1.\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u627e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 2.Get(K), Insert(K,V) and Update(K,V) are relative slow<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              LSM\u4f18\u52bf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 1. Searching a given key in a SSTable is efficient (no brute force)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Consistency model<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                It’s easy for users to reason about correctness assuming\uff08\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u89c6\u89d2\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Everything has only one-copy\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u62f7\u8d1d\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • The overall behavior is equivalent to some serial behavior\uff08\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u884c\u4e3a\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • The overall behavior can be viewed as a system that never fails<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u76f4\u89c9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  global issuing order<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u7167\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • All the concurrent execution is equivalent to a serial execution<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • The order of each op matches the global wall clock time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9aP0\uff0cP1\u5177\u4f53\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u5177\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u540c\u8bbe\u5907\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Per-process issuing\/completion order<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • All the concurrent execution is equivalent to a serial execution<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The order of each op matches per-process issuing\/completion order\uff08\u6309\u7167\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6\u95f4\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Primary-backup model<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Primary forwards writes to all the replicas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        M0 executes writes locally (in order)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Respond OK<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u903b\u8f91\u6027\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9879\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u4e32\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u4e0d\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. \u5168\u5c40\u53d1\u8d77\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u4e25\u683c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u4e0a\u6309\u7167\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u7279\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u770b\u6765\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e25\u683c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\/\u5b8c\u6210\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027 sequential consistency\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u672c\u5730\u662f\u6309\u7167\u5176\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u7279\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6ca1\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. \u5168\u5c40\u201c\u5b8c\u6210-\u53d1\u8d77\u201d\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u5316 linearizability\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u53d1\u8d77\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u662f\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u7279\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bd4\u4e25\u683c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5bbd\u677e\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u8981\u6c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u6027\u5316 linearizability<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff08Primary\uff09\u5c06\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u526f\u672c\uff08Replicas\uff09\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u8fd4\u56de\u201cOK\u201d\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e\u7684\u526f\u672c\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Implementing linearizability: Primary-backup approach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Primary-Backup Model\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u8bfb\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\uff1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4\uff08RTT\uff09\u6765\u8054\u7cfb\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff08Primary\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\uff1a\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u526f\u672c\uff08Backups\uff09\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u7684RTT\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8fc7\u91cd\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u53ef\u9760\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u67d0\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5197\u4f59\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8read\u8bfb\u53d6\u4efb\u610f\u526f\u672c\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff08Primary\uff09\u8f6c\u53d1\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u5c06\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u526f\u672c\uff08Replicas\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. \u672c\u5730\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff08M0\uff09\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. \u54cd\u5e94<\/strong>\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u8fd4\u56de\u201cOK\u201d\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5199\u5165\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u8fd4\u56de\u526f\u672c\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u526f\u672c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e\u7684\u526f\u672c\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5141\u8bb8\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6P0\u9605\u8bfb\u4ea7\u751f\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u533a<\/strong>\u6765\u4f18\u5316Primary-Backup\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2aPrimary\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5206\u6563\u4e86\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5355\u8282\u70b9\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Eventual consistency <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Eventual consistency \uff09\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u4f18\u5316\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u672c\u5730\u526f\u672c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u9996\u5148\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b49\u5f85\u540c\u6b65\u800c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  GFS \u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  GFS \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u201d\u3002GFS \u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9<\/strong>\u6765\u534f\u8c03\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  GFS \u9002\u5408\u804a\u5929\u5e94\u7528\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. \u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\uff1aGFS \u7684\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f83\u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u804a\u5929\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. \u526f\u672c\u540c\u6b65\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u804a\u5929\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u540c\u6b65\u6570\u636e\uff0cGFS \u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d88\u606f\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. \u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u540c<\/strong>\uff1aGFS \u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u9ad8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u804a\u5929\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5728\u804a\u5929\u7c7b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u8bfb\/\u5199\u4ec0\u4e48<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5165\u79bb\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786e\u8ba4\u5199\u5165\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u66f4\u65b0\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u53eb\u505a\u5199-\u5199\u51b2\u7a81<\/strong>\u3002\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u7ed3\u679c<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u73b0\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5148\u6dfb\u52a0 X \u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 Y\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u987a\u5e8f\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Linearizability vs. Eventual Consistency \u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/th>\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\uff08Linearizability\uff09<\/strong><\/th>\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Eventual Consistency\uff09<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td>\u60b2\u89c2\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406<\/td>\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u51b2\u7a81\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u6027<\/strong><\/td>\u51b2\u7a81\u5199\u5165\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u60c5\u51b5<\/td>\u51b2\u7a81\u5199\u5165\u662f\u7f55\u89c1\u60c5\u51b5<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u66f4\u65b0\u751f\u6548\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/td>\u66f4\u65b0\u5728\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u751f\u6548<\/td>\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u65b0\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u7a0d\u540e\u518d\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807<\/strong><\/td>\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4<\/td>\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u540c\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1.\u5199-\u5199\u51b2\u7a81<\/strong>\uff08Write-write conflict\uff09\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u672c\u5730\u5199\u5165\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee5\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u95ee\u9898 #1\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u65b0\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u952e\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\uff08KVS\uff09\u7684 put()<\/code> \u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u8986\u76d6\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u804a\u5929\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982 chat[cid] = [ \u2026, new_sid]<\/code>\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5165\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u65e7\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u521d\u6b65\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u5199\u5165\u66ff\u6362\u65e7\u7684\u503c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4e0d\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u5e94\u7528\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u201d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7b26\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9884\u671f\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u5c06\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u503c\uff1a\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4ea4\u65b0\u7684\u503c\u3002\uff081. allocate a sid; 2. chat[cid].append(sid)\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u540c\u65f6\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\uff08\u5373\u76f8\u540c\u8f93\u5165\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u6b64\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        e.g. Client\u53d1\u9001X \uff0c iPhone\u53d1\u9001Y \uff0c \u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6709\u5e8f\u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. \u8bb0\u5f55\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5c06\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. \u66f4\u65b0\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u67d0\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u5982\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff09\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. \u5ef6\u8fdf\u66f4\u65b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u66f4\u65b0\u80fd\u6309\u6b63\u786e\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u524d\uff0c\u6682\u7f13\u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4. \u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u8981\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6070\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u7b49<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u4e3a\u66f4\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u552f\u4e00ID<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. \u66f4\u65b0ID<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684ID\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a <\u65f6\u95f4 T, \u8282\u70b9 ID><\/code>\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u65f6\u95f4 T<\/strong>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u8282\u70b9 ID<\/strong>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\u6253\u7834\u5e73\u5c40\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u66f4\u65b0ID\u7684\u5206\u914d<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u66f4\u65b0\u7531\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u914d\u552f\u4e00\u7684ID\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u66f4\u65b0\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u66f4\u65b0\uff08X \u548c Y\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4\u6233 T<\/code> \u6765\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5982\u679c\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u8282\u70b9ID\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u66f4\u65b0\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u95ee\u98981\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u4f7f\u7528 <\u8282\u70b9 ID, \u65f6\u95f4 T><\/code> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00ID\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u65b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\uff08\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4fdd\u7559\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5728iPhone\u4e0a\u6bd4iPad\u4e0a\u66f4\u65e9\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <\u8282\u70b9 ID, \u65f6\u95f4 T><\/code> \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6211\u603b\u662f\u5148\u770b\u5230iPhone\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0aiPad\u4e0a\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u66f4\u65e9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u95ee\u98982\uff1a<\u65f6\u95f4 T, \u8282\u70b9 ID><\/code> \u80fd\u9632\u6b62\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u95ee\u9898\u5417\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u80fd\u5426\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u540c\u6b65\u826f\u597d\uff0c<\u65f6\u95f4 T, \u8282\u70b9 ID><\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u9519\u4e71\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u6311\u6218<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u949f\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u65f6\u949f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u518d\u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1.\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u540c\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u56de\u6eda\u540c\u6b65\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u65b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. \u6e05\u7a7a\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5b58\u50a8\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. \u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u7a7a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u72b6\u6001\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5e94\u7528\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. \u540c\u6b65\u540e<\/strong>\uff1aSrv1 \u548c Srv2 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u6709\u5e8f\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8fbe\u6210\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u65f6\u949f\u65f6\u95f4\u53cd\u6620\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff08\u5899\u4e0a\u65f6\u949f\uff09\u66f4\u65b0\u987a\u5e8f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u65b0\u987a\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5899\u4e0a\u65f6\u949f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5148\u5728iPhone\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728iPad\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\uff0ciPhone\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e94\u8be5\u5c0f\u4e8eiPad\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u66f4\u65b0\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u4e0e\u5899\u4e0a\u65f6\u949f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u81f4\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4f1a\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002iPhone\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4f1a\u5148\u4e8eiPad\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u5373\u4f7fiPhone\u5148\u53d1\u5e03\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65f6\u949f\u8bef\u5dee\uff0ciPad\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6253\u4e71\u4e86\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f60\u5728iPhone\u4e0a\u5148\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728iPad\u4e0a\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u9884\u671f\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\uff1aiPhone\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u663e\u793a\uff0ciPad\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8eiPhone\u548ciPad\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\uff0ciPad\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4iPhone\u5feb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0ciPad\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5148\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728iPhone\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4f8b\u5982\u6b64\u5904\uff0cadd<X,Srv1>\u5148\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5927\uff0c\u5220\u9664X\u540e\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5c0f\uff0c\u540c\u6b65\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6 X \u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6 Y \u5b58\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff08X -> Y\uff09\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. \u5355\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff1aX \u548c Y \u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 X \u53d1\u751f\u5728 Y \u4e4b\u524d\uff08\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. \u8de8\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff1aX \u548c Y \u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5982\u8282\u70b9 i \u548c\u8282\u70b9 j\uff09\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u4e14 X “\u5f15\u53d1” \u4e86 Y \u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 X \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86 Y\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • X<\/strong> \u662f\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\u804a\u5929\u6d88\u606f\uff08add chat\uff09\uff0cY<\/strong> \u662f\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u804a\u5929\u6d88\u606f\uff08delete chat\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u56e0\u679c\u94fe<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6 Z\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 X -> Z -> Y\uff08\u5373 X \u5bfc\u81f4 Z\uff0cZ \u518d\u5bfc\u81f4 Y\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 X \u548c Y \u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\u65f6\u95f4, ID><\/code> \u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u56e0\u679c\u987a\u5e8f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u7406\u65f6\u949f\uff08\u5373 <\u65f6\u95f4, ID><\/code>\uff09\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u665a\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u65f6\u949f\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u76ee\u6807<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u76ee\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a\u65f6\u949f\u5e94\u5f53\u53cd\u6620\u56e0\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4ef6 X \u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6 Y\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 X \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5e94\u8be5\u5c0f\u4e8e Y \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u601d\u8def\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\u949f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Lamport clock algorithms<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u949fT\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u968f\u7740\u5b9e\u9645\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0cT\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u79d2\u589e\u52a01\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5982\u679c\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u770b\u5230T’\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0T\u4e3a T = Max(T, T' + 1)<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Lamport clock\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Lamport\u65f6\u949f\u80fd\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5e8f\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f1a\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u5e73\u5c40\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f7f\u7528 <\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\u95f4, \u8282\u70b9ID><\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5168\u5e8f\u4fdd\u6301\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5168\u5e8f\u7406\u60f3\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5982\u679c\u526f\u672c\u6309\u7167\u5168\u5e8f\u5e94\u7528\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u6536\u655b\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 T(e1) < T(e2) \u6216 T(e1) > T(e2)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4e25\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6211\u5148\u7ed9Alice\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u7ed9Bob\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u7528Lamport\u65f6\u949f\u5c06Bob\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6392\u5728\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u65f6\u949f\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u5bf9\u5e94\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u672c\u5730Lamport\u65f6\u949f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u968f\u7740\u5b9e\u9645\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u65f6\u949fT\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u79d2\u589e\u52a01\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5982\u679c\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u770b\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u6233T\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0 Ti = Max(Ti, Ti' + 1)<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Lamport \u65f6\u949f vs. Vector\u65f6\u949f \u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/th>Lamport \u65f6\u949f<\/strong><\/th>Vector\u65f6\u949f<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6355\u83b7<\/strong><\/td>\u6355\u83b7\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/td>\u6355\u83b7\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u987a\u5e8f\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/td>\u5168\u5e8f\uff08Total Order\uff09<\/td>\u90e8\u5206\u5e8f\uff08Partial Order\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/td>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f<\/td>\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u4e8b\u4ef6\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong><\/td>\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u987a\u5e8f<\/td>\u63d0\u4f9b\u90e8\u5206\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u987a\u5e8f<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5b58\u50a8\u9700\u6c42<\/strong><\/td>\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/td>\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u590d\u6742\u6027<\/strong><\/td>\u8f83\u4f4e<\/td>\u8f83\u9ad8<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Lamport \u65f6\u949f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u5df2\u8db3\u591f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u8282\u7701\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Vector\u65f6\u949f<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u95ee\u9898\u56de\u987e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8282\u70b9\u6267\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u6682\u5b9a\u5199\u5165<\/strong>\uff09\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u4ece\u7a7a\u5b58\u50a8\u72b6\u6001\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u76ee\u6807<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. \u907f\u514d\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u4ece\u5934\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. \u51cf\u5c11\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f18\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u589e\u91cf\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u673a\u5236\u6216\u538b\u7f29\u65e5\u5fd7\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u533a\u5206\u6682\u5b9a\u5199\u5165\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u5199\u5165<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. \u7a33\u5b9a\u5199\u5165<\/strong>\uff08Stable writes\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. \u6682\u5b9a\u5199\u5165<\/strong>\uff08Tentative writes\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u7a33\u5b9a\u5199\u5165<\/strong>\u5728\u540c\u6b65\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u56de\u6eda\uff0c\u800c\u6682\u5b9a\u5199\u5165<\/strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u540c\u6b65\u65f6\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u56de\u6eda\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u5199\u5165\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u7b54\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Lamport\u65f6\u949f<\/strong>\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5199\u5165\u662f\u5426\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u65b0 WWW \u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u6ca1\u6709<\/strong>\u4efb\u4f55\u6761\u76ee\u7684Lamport\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5c0f\u4e8e<\/strong> WWW \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728 WWW \u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u63d0\u4ea4\uff08\u5199\u5165\uff09\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u66f4\u65b0 <10, A><\/code> \u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5df2\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e 10 \u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u56e0\u4e3a\u6839\u636e Lamport \u65f6\u949f\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u770b\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5c0f\u4e8e 10 \u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u56de\u6eda\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u65b9\u5411\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u56de\u6eda\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u540c\u6b65\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u589e\u91cf\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u6682\u5b9a\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u65ad\u8fde\u540e\u7684\u56de\u6eda\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. \u5206\u914d\u5168\u5c40\u63d0\u4ea4\u987a\u5e8f\uff08CSN\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4\u987a\u5e8f\u7f16\u53f7\uff08CSN\uff09\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5b8c\u6574\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7531 <CSN, \u672c\u5730\u65f6\u95f4\u6233, \u670d\u52a1\u5668ID><\/code> \u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u7a33\u5b9a\u5199\u5165<\/strong>\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u62e5\u6709\u5df2\u77e5CSN\u7684\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u987a\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u5199\u5165\u90fd\u4f1a\u6392\u5217\u5728\u6682\u5b9a\u5199\u5165\u4e4b\u524d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • CSN\u4ea4\u6362<\/strong>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362CSN\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u63d0\u4ea4\u987a\u5e8f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • CSN\u5b9a\u4e49\u5168\u5c40\u987a\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff1aCSN\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u8bfe\u5802\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  If TS(event #1) < TS(event #2), what does it say about event #1 (create on node #1) and event #2 (created on node #2)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Event #1 occurred at a physical time earlier than event #2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Node #1 must have communicated with Node #2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  If event #1 has been synced to node #2, then event #1 must have occurred at a physical time earlier than event #2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u51b2\u7a81\u4e0b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u539f\u5b50\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Consistency under crash\uff1aAll-or-nothing atomicity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Centralized approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u4e3a\u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4\u987a\u5e8f\u53f7\uff08CSN\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<CSN, local-TS, SrvID><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u5df2\u77e5CSN\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6240\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u6392\u5728\u4e34\u65f6\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    CSN\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • CSN\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4e34\u65f6\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u914dCSN\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5373\uff0c\u4e3b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u5927\u7684CSN\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u95ee\u9898\uff1a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5b8c\u6574\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u662f\u5426\u603b\u662f\u4e0e\u4e34\u65f6\u987a\u5e8f\u5339\u914d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u4e0d\u5168\u662f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u65e5\u5fd7\u53ef\u4ee5\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4fdd\u7559\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u526a\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5f53\u8282\u70b9\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u65b0\u7684CSN\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e22\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8be5\u70b9\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b\uff08 strong consistency model \uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5728\u51fa\u9519\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u51fd\u6570\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90fd\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\uff08all-or-nothing\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u63a8\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u6574\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u4e32\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u9700\u8981\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\uff08\u5168\u6709\u6216\u5168\u65e0\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5168\u6709\u6216\u5168\u65e0\uff08all-or-nothing\uff09\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u63a8\u7406\u5931\u8d25\u60c5\u51b5\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u53ea\u9700\u8003\u8651\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u64cd\u4f5c\u90e8\u5206\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          shadow copy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u7ec4\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5168\u6709\u6216\u5168\u65e0\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55a\u548cb\u5199\u5165\u94f6\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u9ad8\u7ea7\u601d\u8def\uff08\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4e0d\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u65e7\u526f\u672c\uff08\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u526f\u672c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u7528\u66f4\u65b0\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728fcopy\u6216fsync\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u539f\u59cbbank\u6587\u4ef6\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664bank_temp\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8f6c\u8d26\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u8f6c\u8d26\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff08\u4efb\u52a1\u6ca1\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u56de\u9000\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u5982\u4f55\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u8981\u6c42\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5220\u9664\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u77e5\u9053\u5e94\u8be5\u5220\u9664\u201cbank_temp\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u95ee\u9898\uff1a1.\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d 2.\u590d\u6742\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u597d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1aJournaling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u5730\u5207\u6362\u5230\u65b0\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u8f6c\u6362\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aall-or-nothing\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4ec5\u9700\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u6062\u590d\u540e\u5220\u9664\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5373\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5f71\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u53ea\u80fd\u4e00\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u8f7b\u7387\u5730\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u53d1\u4f20\u8f93\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5f88\u96be\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u4efb\u4f55\uff08\u5c0f\u7684\uff09\u66f4\u6539\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Journaling<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u66f4\u65b0\u524d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. \u8bb0\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08Journal\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. \u63d0\u4ea4\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. \u6267\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5d29\u6e83\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u63d0\u4ea4\u524d\u5d29\u6e83\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5d29\u6e83\u540e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u63d0\u4ea4\u540e\u5d29\u6e83\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Journaling\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u4e24\u6b21\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08journal\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u6700\u7ec8\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08home location\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u95ee\u9898\u91cd\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Logging for atomicity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5173\u952e\u601d\u60f3\uff08\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u907f\u514d\u66f4\u65b0\u78c1\u76d8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6545\u969c\u540e\u6062\u590d\u5b83\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5f71\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u6216\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5f71\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u5c06\u66f4\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u526f\u672c\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u66f4\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u5728\u6247\u533a\u4e2d\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u6765\u63a8\u5e7f\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u65b0\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u5355\u5143\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u503c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u5f71\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u78c1\u76d8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6545\u969c\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u5f71\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u526f\u672c\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u66f4\u6539\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6247\u533a\uff09\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u901a\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\u70b9<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e00\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8b\u52a1\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4e8b\u52a1\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u7c92\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • TX.begin()<\/code>\uff08\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • TX.commit()<\/code>\uff08\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5728begin()<\/code>\u548ccommit()<\/code>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u653e\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u63d0\u4ea4\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u63d0\u4ea4\u70b9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u7ec4\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb (TX.begin()<\/code>) \u548c\u63d0\u4ea4 (TX.commit()<\/code>) \u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cd\u653e\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5f53\u4e8b\u52a1\u5230\u8fbe\u63d0\u4ea4\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Redo-only<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u524d\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u503c\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u91cd\u542f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e00\u81f4\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u57fa\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u4ece\u5934\u5230\u5c3e\u904d\u5386\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u91cd\u65b0\u5e94\u7528\u5b8c\u6574\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0credo-only\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u4f18\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u63d0\u4ea4\u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u9644\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5e26\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u5f71\u5b50\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u4f1a\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u6d6a\u8d39\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u78c1\u76d8\u64cd\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u6240\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e4b\u524d\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5927\u591a\u6570\u66f4\u65b0\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5237\u65b0\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff08\u9664\u975e\u673a\u5668\u91cd\u542f\u6216\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6062\u590d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u57fa\u672c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u6211\u4eec\u5141\u8bb8\u4e8b\u52a1\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u503c\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5982\u4f55\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u66f4\u65b0\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u6765\u64a4\u9500\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u66f4\u65b0<\/strong>\uff01<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Undo-Redo<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981redo\u6761\u76ee\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u7b49\u5f85\u8bb0\u5f55[a]<\/code>\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0csync\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7684\uff1a\u7b49\u5f85\u4e24\u6b21\u78c1\u76d8\u540c\u6b65\u5f88\u6162\uff01\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u65e5\u5fd7\u5199\u5165\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u78c1\u76d8\u5199\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee vs. \u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Redo-only\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5305\u542b\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Undo-redo\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5305\u542b\u5355\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08TX\uff09\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea4\u9519\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u4e8b\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u6682\u505c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6307\u9488\u6765\u8ffd\u8e2a\u540c\u4e00\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bfb\u53d6\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u6062\u590d\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. \u4ece\u672b\u5c3e\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u524d\u904d\u5386\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. \u6807\u8bb0\u6240\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08CMT\uff09\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e2d\u6b62\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08ABORT\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. \u4ece\u672b\u5c3e\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u524d\u64a4\u9500\uff08UNDO\uff09\u4e2d\u6b62\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4. \u4ece\u5934\u5230\u5c3e\u91cd\u505a\uff08REDO\uff09\u63d0\u4ea4\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u5d29\u6e83\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\u65e5\u5fd7\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6062\u590d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u5e76\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u800c\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u505a\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\uff08Checkpoint\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e22\u5f03\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • redo-only\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u548cundo-redo\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f1a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u591a\u6570\u66f4\u65b0\u5df2\u7ecf\u5237\u65b0\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5927\u578b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d6a\u8d39\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6062\u590d\u53d8\u6162\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884crecovery process\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e22\u5f03\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u901f\u5ea6\u592a\u6162\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u89c2\u5bdf<\/strong>\uff1a\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u9875\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u7f13\u5b58\u5185\u5bb9\u5237\u65b0\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u4e22\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08TX\uff09\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e22\u5931\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6539\u8fdb\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ca\u5176\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08CKPT\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u7559\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\uff08Checkpoint\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u76ee\u7684<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. \u7b49\u5f85\u6ca1\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. \u5c06\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\uff08CKPT\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u5199\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ca\u5176\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. \u5237\u65b0\u9875\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u5c06\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4. \u4e22\u5f03\u9664\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u8bb0\u5f55\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5bf9\u4e8eT1\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u505a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • T2\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9checkpoint\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6062\u590d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • T3\uff0c\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684log entries\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • T4\uff0c\u6839\u636eCKP\u548cLog entries\u4e00\u8d77\u6062\u590d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • T5\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4ecelog\u91cc\u9762<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • T1: do nothing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          T2: redo its update based on the log in its checkpoint
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          T3: redo its updates based on the log entries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          T4: undo its updates based on the log in both CKP & log entries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          T5: undo its updates based on the log entries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5bf9\u6bd4\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Redo-only\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8eUndo-redo\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0cRedo-only\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u9700\u8981\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u6062\u590d\u671f\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u626b\u63cf\u6574\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5feb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1aRedo-only\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9996\u9009\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Undo-only\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u65e5\u5fd7\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5728\u4fee\u6539\u6301\u4e45\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u8ffd\u52a0Undo\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u72b6\u6001\u4fee\u6539\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u5237\u65b0\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u6ca1\u6709Redo\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5e94\u7528\u9891\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bd4Undo-Redo\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u6162\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u6062\u590d\u671f\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u6062\u590d\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Before-or-after atomicity <\/h1>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The overall behavior is equivalent to some serial behavior<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b49\u4ef7\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8bfb\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  race condition\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u540c\u65f6\u52a0\uff0c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u8bc1\u52a0\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5fae\u4fe1\u63a5\u9f99\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u6392\u5217\u6570\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u826f\u8c03\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5728\u8c03\u7528\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5c0f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u9690\u85cf\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cTherac-25\u4e8b\u6545\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6d77\u68eebug\u201d\uff08Heisenbugs\uff09\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848-1\uff1aDMT\uff08\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848-2\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u91cd\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u6216\u6210\u672c\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5f88\u96be\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        before-or-after atomictity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u7531\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\uff08race condition\uff09\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7ec4\u8bfb\/\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u6216\u8986\u76d6\u5e76\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4e00\u4e2a\u5e76\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u7684\u8bfb\/\u5199\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5e76\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5177\u6709\u524d\u540e\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u6216\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u53e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u4e0eLinearizability\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u7b26\u5408Linearizability\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408before-or-after<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e00\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u539f\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8b\u52a1\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u4e8b\u52a1\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u7c92\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TX.begin()<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TX.commit()<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u5168\u6709\u6216\u5168\u65e0\u201d\uff08all-or-nothing\uff09\u548c\u201c\u524d\u540e\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u201d\uff08before-or-after\uff09\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f ACID\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u524d\u540e\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u9501<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u9501<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\uff08acquire\uff09\u548c\u91ca\u653e\uff08release\uff09\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5982\u679c\u83b7\u53d6\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219CPU\u5c06\u7b49\u5f85\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u793a\u4f8b\uff1apthread_mutex<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5168\u5c40\u9501<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u83b7\u53d6\u5168\u5c40\u9501\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u5168\u5c40\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5de6\u4fa7\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u7684deposit<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                plaintext\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801Deposit(bank, acct, amt):\n    bank[acct] += amt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u53f3\u4fa7\u662f\u6dfb\u52a0\u5168\u5c40\u9501\u540e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                plaintext\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801Deposit(bank, lock, acct, amt):
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    acquire(lock)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    bank[acct] += amt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    release(lock)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3afine-grained locking<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u6709\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u9501\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u9632\u6b62\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u66b4\u9732\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u89c1\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9501\u91ca\u653e\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Two-phase locking (2PL)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2PL\u9501\u83b7\u53d6\u89c4\u5219\uff1a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u9501\uff0c\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u5b83\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u603b\u5360\u7528\u9501\u65f6\u95f4\u660e\u663e\u51cf\u5c11<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5e8f\u5217<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5bf9\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u770b\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u4e32\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u533a\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e09\u79cdSerializability\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Final-state serializability<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u5199\u5165\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e32\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Conflict serializability\uff08\u6700\u5e38\u7528\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5176\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5b83\u4eec\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u4e32\u884c\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u5373\u51b2\u7a81\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e32\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u987a\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u662f\u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      conflict\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7conflict\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u51b2\u7a81\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u8282\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u8fb9\u662f\u6709\u5411\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5982\u679c\u4e14\u4ec5\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u90fd\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u5728Ti\u548cTj\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ti\u200b\u548cTj\u200b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. \u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u53d1\u751f\u5728Ti\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u662f\u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5b83\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u56fe\u662f\u65e0\u73af<\/strong>\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u51b2\u7a81\u7b49\u4ef7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u51b2\u7a81\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e2d\u51b2\u7a81\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            View serializability <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u4eba\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u5224\u522b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             T1\u3001T2 \u548c T3 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff08cyclic\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6 \u4e0d\u662f\u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u5199\u5165\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e32\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u662f\u89c6\u56fe\u53ef\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u4e24\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6 S \u548c S\u2032 \u662f\u89c6\u56fe\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff08View Equivalent\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5728\u8c03\u5ea6 S \u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1 Ti \u8bfb\u53d6\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9879 X \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728 S\u2032\u4e2d Ti\u4e5f\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6X\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5728\u8c03\u5ea6 S \u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1 Ti\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e86\u7531\u4e8b\u52a1 Tj\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9879 X\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728 S\u2032 \u4e2d Ti \u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u8bfb\u53d6\u7531 Tj\u200b \u5199\u5165\u7684 X\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5728\u8c03\u5ea6 S \u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1 Ti\u662f\u5bf9 X \u505a\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u5199\u5165\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728 S\u2032 \u4e2d\u4e5f\u8981\u662f Ti \u5bf9 X \u505a\u6700\u7ec8\u5199\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Proof of 2PL<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5047\u8bbe<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5047\u8bbe 2PL \u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u6210\u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u51b2\u7a81\u56fe\uff08Conflict Graph\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u6267\u884c 2PL \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u51b2\u7a81\u56fe\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e8b\u52a1 T1\u2192T2\u2192…\u2192Tk\u2192T1 \u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5171\u4eab\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u51b2\u7a81\u8d44\u6e90\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u6bcf\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1 Ti\u200b \u548c Ti+1\u200b \u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u53d8\u91cf xi \u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u4eab\u53d8\u91cf\u7528 x1,x2,…,xk\u200b \u8868\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u9501\u83b7\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f9d\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u5171\u4eab\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u9501\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • T1<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6 x1\u200b \u7684\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • T2<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6 x1\u548c x2\u200b \u7684\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • T3<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6 x2\u200b \u548c x3\u200b \u7684\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 T_k<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6 xk\u22121\u200b \u548c xk\u200b \u7684\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u8fdd\u53cd 2PL \u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5982\u679c T1<\/code> \u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u4e86 x1\u200b \u7684\u9501\uff08\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdd\u53cd 2PL\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u9501\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5728\u91ca\u653e\u4efb\u4f55\u9501\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u518d\u83b7\u53d6\u65b0\u7684\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u8fd9\u91cc T1<\/code> \u91ca\u653e\u4e86 x1 \u7684\u9501\uff0c\u4f46\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6 xkx_kxk\u200b \u7684\u9501\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86 2PL \u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 2PL \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8fdd\u53cd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u7531\u4e8e 2PL \u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u56fe\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a 2PL \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53cd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5e7b\u8bfb\u95ee\u9898\uff08Phantom Problem\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. \u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u867d\u7136\u9501\u4f4f\u4e86\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u63d2\u5165\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u51b2\u7a81\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9879\uff0c\u4e14\u81f3\u5c11\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u6570\u636e\u9879 \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9501\u5b9a\u673a\u5236\u5e94\u5f53\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u6349\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u88ab\u6253\u7834\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u8c13\u8bcd\u9501\uff08Predicate Locking\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u9501\u5b9a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u8c13\u8bcd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9879\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9501\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u201c\u5de5\u8d44 > 5000\u201d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d2\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9879\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • B-\u6811\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u9501\uff08Range Locks in a B-tree index\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u5982\u201c\u5de5\u8d44\u201d\uff09\u4e0a\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9501\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u5728\u6b64\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u63d2\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u9501\u5b9a\u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u6709\u65f6\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e7b\u5f71\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2PL \u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u4e32\u884c\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u51b2\u7a81\u901a\u8fc7\u9501\u673a\u5236\u5f97\u5230\u59a5\u5584\u534f\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Deadlock<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08TX\uff09\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5f85\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u7531\u4e8e 2PL \u7684\u60b2\u89c2\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u91ca\u653e\u9501\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u90fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee a \u548c b\uff0c\u4f46\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0 \u6b7b\u9501 \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. \u6309\u7167\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u987a\u5e8f\u83b7\u53d6\u9501<\/strong>\uff08\u9884\u9632\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u901a\u7528\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5728\u6267\u884c\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u8bfb\/\u5199\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u901f\u7387<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u51b2\u7a81\u56fe\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u6b7b\u9501<\/strong>\uff08\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u6b7b\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6765\u6253\u7834\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4f7f\u7528\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\uff08heuristics\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff09\u9884\u5148\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong>\uff08\u91cd\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8bef\u5224\u6216\u6d3b\u9501\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u6b7b\u9501\uff1a\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b7b\u9501\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u96be\u9884\u9632\u548c\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u9501\u5f00\u9500\uff1a\u9501\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u548c\u7b49\u5f85\u9501\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4e0a\u8ff0 2PL\uff08\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u9501\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 2PL \u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u60b2\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u907f\u514d\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\uff08Race Conditions\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Optimistic concurrency control<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                OCC\uff08\u4e50\u89c2\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u6267\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. \u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u5165\u201c\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5c06\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u6682\u5b58\u5230\u201c\u5199\u5165\u96c6\u201d\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5728\u5173\u952e\u533a\u4e2d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e32\u884c\u5316<\/strong>\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e32\u884c\u5316\uff08\u4e8b\u52a1\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u68c0\u67e5\u201c\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5728\u5173\u952e\u533a\u4e2d\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u4e2d\u6b62<\/strong>\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5982\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5982\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u201c\u5199\u5165\u96c6\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4f18\u52bf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        OCC\uff08\u4e50\u89c2\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e8b\u52a1\u5728\u65e0\u9501\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u9501\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u548c\u6b7b\u9501\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6682\u5b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u505a\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u9501\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5173\u952e\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5219\u56de\u6eda\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5c06\u6682\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u653e\u5f03\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4f4e\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u8fdf\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u6682\u5b58\u5230\u201c\u5199\u5165\u96c6\u201d\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9879\uff08\u5982 A\uff09\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5148\u5199\u5165 A<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8bfb\u53d6 A<\/code>\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4ece\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u5199\u5165\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5728\u5173\u952e\u533a\u5185\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e32\u884c\u5316<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u6bd4\u5982\u9047\u5230ABA\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u53c8\u4fee\u6539\u56de\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u53d8\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u4e8b\u52a1\u8fdb\u5165\u5173\u952e\u533a\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e32\u884c\u5316\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u68c0\u67e5\u201c\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u9879\u662f\u5426\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e32\u884c\u5316\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5728\u5173\u952e\u533a\u5185\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u4e2d\u6b62<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u4e2d\u6b62\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u63d0\u4ea4<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5199\u5165\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4ea4\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5173\u952e\u533a\u5185\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5173\u952e\u533a\u5185\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5168\u5c40\u9501<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u77ed\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        python\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801def validate_and_commit():  # \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\n    global_lock.lock()  # \u83b7\u53d6\u5168\u5c40\u9501\n    for d in read_set:\n        if d has changed:\n            abort()  # \u5982\u679c\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5219\u4e2d\u6b62\n    for d in write_set:\n        write(d)  # \u5c06\u5199\u5165\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\n    global_lock.unlock()  # \u91ca\u653e\u5168\u5c40\u9501\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u9501\u5b9e\u73b0\u5173\u952e\u533a\uff08Phase 2 & 3\uff09<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u9501\uff082PL\uff09\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u9501\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u9501\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6b7b\u9501\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        python\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801def validate_and_commit():  # Phase 2 & 3\n    for d in read_set:\n        d.lock()  # \u5bf9\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9879\u52a0\u9501\n        if d has changed:\n            abort()  # \u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u5219\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u9501\n    for d in write_set:\n        d.lock()  # \u5bf9\u5199\u5165\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9879\u52a0\u9501\n        write(d)  # \u6267\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\n    # \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u9501\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u901a\u8fc7\u6392\u5e8f\u6765\u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u9501<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4f7f\u7528\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u9501\uff1a\u5728\u52a0\u9501\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u96c6\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u52a0\u9501\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9879\u90fd\u52a0\u9501\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        python\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801def validate_and_commit():  # Phase 2 & 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            for d in sorted(read_set + write_set):
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                d.lock()  # \u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u52a0\u9501\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6b7b\u9501\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            for d in read_set:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                if d has changed:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    abort()  # \u5982\u679c\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5219\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            for d in write_set:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                write(d)  # \u6267\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            # \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u9501<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u9501 + \u8bfb\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u533a\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u89c2\u5bdf\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5982\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u4e2d\u6301\u6709\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        python\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801def validate_and_commit():  # Phase 2 & 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            for d in sorted(write_set):
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                d.lock()  # \u4ec5\u5bf9\u5199\u5165\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9879\u52a0\u9501
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            for d in read_set:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                if d has changed:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    abort()  # \u5982\u679c\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9879\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5219\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            for d in write_set:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                write(d)  # \u6267\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            # \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u9501<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5728\u8be5\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1 T1<\/code> \u548c T2<\/code> \u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u9501\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u9636\u6bb5 1<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • T1<\/code> \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u9879 A_T0<\/code> \u548c B_T0<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • T2<\/code> \u4e5f\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u9879 A_T0<\/code> \u548c B_T0<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u9636\u6bb5 2<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • T1<\/code> \u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u9879 A<\/code> \u52a0\u9501\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1 B_T0<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • T2<\/code> \u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u9879 B<\/code> \u52a0\u9501\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1 A_T0<\/code>\u3002 \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\uff0cT1<\/code> \u548c T2<\/code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9501\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0cT1<\/code> \u6ca1\u6709\u9501\u5b9a B<\/code>\uff0c\u800c T2<\/code> \u6ca1\u6709\u9501\u5b9a A<\/code>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u5e76\u53d1\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u9501\u4e0e\u8bfb\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u4ec5\u9501\u5b9a\u5199\u5165\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9 write_set<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9879\u52a0\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u8bfb\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u9879\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u52a0\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  def validate_and_commit():  # Phase 2 & 3 with before-or-after\n    for d in sorted(write_set):\n        d.lock()  # \u5bf9\u5199\u5165\u96c6\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u9010\u4e2a\u52a0\u9501\n    for d in read_set:\n        if d has changed or d has been locked:\n            abort()  # \u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u9879\u5df2\u53d8\u66f4\u6216\u88ab\u52a0\u9501\uff0c\u5219\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1\n    for d in write_set:\n        write(d)  # \u6267\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\n    # \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u9501<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u9501\u5b9a\u5199\u5165\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u5bf9 write_set<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9879\u52a0\u9501\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u8bfb\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5199\u5165\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5 read_set<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9879\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u9879\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u52a0\u9501\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u9501\u5b9a\u5199\u5165\u96c6\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\uff0c\u65e2\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u9501\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u7ed3\u8bba<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    OCC \u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u4e3b\u8981\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u5408\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u591a\u4e8e\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      OCC\uff08\u4e50\u89c2\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff08\u5373\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u6b62\uff09\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 1\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 1\u6b21\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong>\uff1a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u52a0\u9501\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2PL\uff08\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u9501\uff09\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50 CAS \u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1\u6b21\u5199\u5165<\/strong>\uff1a\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u3002\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u7531\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a CPU \u5199\u5165\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u989d\u5916\u7684\u539f\u5b50 CAS \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u9501\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e0e\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u6bd4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • OCC \u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong>\u5728\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8bfb\u53d6\u591a\u4e8e\u5199\u5165\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ec5\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u624d\u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u9501\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c2PL \u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u9501\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u9501\u673a\u5236\u521d\u6b65<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. \u9501\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u9501\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8bfe\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. \u57fa\u7840\u9501\u673a\u5236\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\uff08flag\uff09\u6765\u8868\u793a\u9501\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u6301\u6709\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5f53\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5982\u679c\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u663e\u793a\u9501\u672a\u88ab\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201c\u9501\u5b9a\u201d\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u6301\u6709\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. \u540c\u6b65\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u9501\u672a\u88ab\u6301\u6709\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9501\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u524d\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4. \u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1aCompare and Swap<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u786c\u4ef6\u539f\u8bed\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u64cd\u4f5c\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\uff09\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9501\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5e38\u7528\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Compare-and-swap<\/strong>\uff08\u5728 SPARC \u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Compare-and-exchange<\/strong>\uff08\u5728 x86 \u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u9501\u524d\u7f00\uff08Lock prefix\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728 x86 \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u524d\u7f00\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6307\u4ee4\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5. CompareAndSwap \u51fd\u6570\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u51fd\u6570 CompareAndSwap(int *ptr, int expected, int new)<\/code> \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u8bfb\u53d6\u6307\u9488\u5f53\u524d\u503c\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a actual<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5982\u679c actual<\/code> \u7b49\u4e8e expected<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u5c06 *ptr<\/code> \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a new<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de actual<\/code> \u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u786c\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7\u9501\u524d\u7f00\uff08Lock prefix\uff09\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              int CompareAndSwap(int *ptr, int expected, int new) {  \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u524d\u7f00\n    int actual = *ptr;\n    if (actual == expected)\n        *ptr = new;\n    return actual;\n} \/\/ \u786c\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7\u9501\u524d\u7f00\u786e\u4fdd\u539f\u5b50\u6027<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u9501\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f7f\u5f97\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u9501\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\ntypedef struct __lock_t {\n    int flag;  \/\/ 0 \u8868\u793a\u9501\u53ef\u7528\uff0c1 \u8868\u793a\u9501\u5df2\u88ab\u6301\u6709\n} lock_t;\n\n\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9501\uff0c\u5c06 flag \u8bbe\u4e3a 0 \u8868\u793a\u9501\u53ef\u7528\nvoid init(lock_t *lock) {\n    lock->flag = 0;\n}\n\n\/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u9501\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 CompareAndSwap \u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\nvoid lock(lock_t *lock) {\n    while (CompareAndSwap(&lock->flag, 0, 1) == 1)\n        ;  \/\/ \u81ea\u65cb\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9501\u53ef\u7528\n}\n\n\/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u9501\uff0c\u5c06 flag \u8bbe\u4e3a 0\nvoid unlock(lock_t *lock) {\n    lock->flag = 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hardware Transactional Memory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. CPU\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u8bfb\/\u5199\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u5148\u6216\u540e\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u201d<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u51b2\u7a81\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u201c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u9501\u201d\uff082PL\uff09\u6216\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u4e50\u89c2\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u201d\uff08OCC\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Intel\u7684HTM\uff08\u786c\u4ef6\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\uff09\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aRTM\uff08\u9650\u5236\u6027\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • RTM\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9650\u5236\u6027\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\uff08Restricted Transactional Memory\uff09\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u9996\u6b21\u5728Haswell\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. ISA\u5bf9\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u652f\u6301<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • ISA\uff08\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u67b6\u6784\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08TX\uff09\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u56de\u987e\uff1a\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4f7f\u7528TX.begin<\/code>\u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4f7f\u7528TX.commit<\/code>\u6765\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5728RTM\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff08\u65b0\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4f7f\u7528xbegin<\/code>\u6765\u6807\u8bb0RTM\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4f7f\u7528xend<\/code>\u6765\u6807\u8bb0RTM\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. \u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u6210\u529f\u542f\u52a8<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u6267\u884c\u53d7RTM\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • CPU\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u5e76\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u4e2d\u6b62<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u88ab\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0cCPU\u4f1a\u56de\u6eda\u5230xbegin<\/code>\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6b62\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u624b\u52a8\u4e2d\u6b62<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528_xbegin()<\/code>\u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528_xabort()<\/code>\u624b\u52a8\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4ee3\u7801\u5728_xend()<\/code>\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5907\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u8def\u5f84\uff08fallback routine\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    if (_xbegin() == _XBEGIN_STARTED) {\n    if (condition) {\n        _xabort(); \/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u4e2d\u6b62\n    }\n    \/\/ \u5173\u952e\u4ee3\u7801\n    _xend(); \/\/ \u7ed3\u675f\u4e8b\u52a1\n} else {\n    \/\/ \u5907\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    RTM\u7684\u4f18\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5728xbegin()<\/code>\u548cxend()<\/code>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u5148\u6216\u540e\u201d\u539f\u5b50\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u56de\u6eda\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5e76\u53d1\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u6bd4\u8d77\u201c\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u9501\uff082PL\uff09\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e50\u89c2\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff08OCC\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\uff08\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4f7f\u7528RTM\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9501\u673a\u5236\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8ba9\u7f16\u7a0b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u597d<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • RTM\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e89\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          extern std::vector<u64> data; \/\/ \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6570\u636e\nif (_xbegin() == _XBEGIN_STARTED) {\n    data.push(12); \/\/ \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5165\u5171\u4eab\u5411\u91cf\n} else {\n    \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5904\u7406\u56de\u9000\u64cd\u4f5c\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528_xbegin()<\/code>\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5c06\u6570\u636e12<\/code>\u63a8\u5165\u5171\u4eab\u7684data<\/code>\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u82e5\u4e8b\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7else<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u5904\u7406\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u9501\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u7f3a\u70b9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e8b\u52a1\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • RTM\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u4e8b\u52a1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u88ab\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u5907\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5173\u4e8eRTM\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Intel\u901a\u8fc7\u4e50\u89c2\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff08OCC\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0RTM<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • OCC\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\u6216\u51b2\u7a81\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. RTM\u7684OCC\u5728CPU\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u9650\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u4f7f\u7528CPU\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u8ffd\u8e2aCPU\u8bfb\/\u5199\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u76d1\u6d4b\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u88ab\u4e8b\u52a1\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      RTM\u7684\u53d7\u9650\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. CPU\u7f13\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf\u6709\u9650<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u8bfb\/\u5199\u96c6\u5408\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0cRTM\u4f1a\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. RTM\u7684\u8bfb\/\u5199\u96c6\u5408\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u8bfb\/\u5199\u96c6\u5408\u5927\u5c0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5982\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff09\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u8bfb\u6216\u5199\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • L1\u7f13\u5b58\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6240\u6709\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cL2\u6216L3\u7f13\u5b58\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6240\u6709\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u56fe\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u6b62\u7387\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b62\u7387\u663e\u8457\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5199\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6700\u5927\u652f\u6301\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a31KB\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6700\u5927\u652f\u6301\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a4MB\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              RTM\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u786c\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u548c\u6210\u529f\u7387\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5927\u578b\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6\u6216\u9891\u7e41\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7f16\u5199RTM\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u786c\u4ef6\u7279\u6027\u548c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6d3b\u9501\u548c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6b62\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              RTM \u7684\u6709\u9650\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u6b62\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aCPU\u4e2d\u65ad\u4f1a\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u4e2d\u65ad\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4RTM\u4e2d\u6b62\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • CPU\u4e2d\u65ad\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6c61\u67d3\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7834\u574f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u56fe\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u4e2d\u6b62\u7387\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a3.9\u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b62\u7387\u8fc5\u901f\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    RTM\u4e8b\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662fCPU\u4e2d\u65ad\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740RTM\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e8b\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5907\u7528\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u4f7fRTM\u6700\u7ec8\u63d0\u4ea4<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u95ee\u9898\uff1aRTM\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e8b\u52a1\u6210\u529f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e50\u89c2\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff08OCC\uff09\uff0cRTM\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801\u7531\u4e8e\u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9891\u7e41\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u786c\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u6b62\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u8bd5\u540e\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5907\u7528\u8def\u5f84<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u8bb0\u5f55\u91cd\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u8d85\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e2a\u6b21\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u6539\u7528\u9501\u7b49\u60b2\u89c2\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5982\u679c\u9891\u7e41\u4f7f\u7528\u5907\u7528\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4f7f\u7528_xbegin()<\/code>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u542f\u52a8\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u9501\u88ab\u6301\u6709\uff0c\u5219\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08xabort()<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6267\u884c\u5173\u952e\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7528_xend()<\/code>\u7ed3\u675f\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u65e0\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u8fdb\u5165else<\/code>\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u6267\u884c\u5907\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5728RTM\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u6b62\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u8bd5\u540e\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5907\u7528\u8def\u5f84\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9501\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u9891\u7e41\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0cRTM\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52bf\u5c06\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e24\u5f20\u56fe\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          OCC \u548c RTM \u7684\u7b80\u8981\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. OCC\uff08\u4e50\u89c2\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • OCC\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5148\u6216\u540e\u201d\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff08\u5373\u4e8b\u52a1\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6210\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • OCC\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. \u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u4fbf\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u53ea\u8981\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u4f7f\u7528\u5f97\u5f53\u65f6\u6027\u80fd\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u9501\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4ecd\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u5982\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u6b62\u548c\u56de\u6eda\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  OCC\u548cRTM\u90fd\u4e3a\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002OCC\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1bRTM\u5219\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5f53\u4e8b\u52a1\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cOCC \u548c 2PL \u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. OCC<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8bfb\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. 2PL\uff08\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u9501\u534f\u8bae\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u6301\u6709\u9501\uff0c\u963b\u585e\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6dd8\u5b9d\u7b49\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u65f6\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      OCC\u548c2PL\u5728\u5904\u7406\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\u6216\u8bfb\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u6b62\u6216\u963b\u585e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u5e76\u53d1\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      multi-versioning concurrency control<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u591a\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7406\u5ff5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u591a\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff08MVCC\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      MVCC\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u6570\u636e\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5e76\u53d1\u4e8b\u52a1\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u66f4\u65b0\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4e00\u7ec4\u7248\u672c\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u7167\uff08snapshot\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 ( A_{T0} ) \u548c ( B_{T0} ) \u8868\u793a\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9 ( T0 ) \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5feb\u7167\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u7248\u672c\u53f7\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08TX\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Data<\/strong>\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • VersionedData<\/strong>\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982 ( X_0 ) \u548c ( X_1 )\uff09\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d77\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5feb\u7167<\/strong>\uff08a consistent snapshot\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            snapshot<\/summary>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u56fe\u4e2d\u5de6\u4fa7\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u201d (Global counter)\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u4e3a0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u4e8b\u52a1T1\u548cT2\u9700\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u5171\u4eab\u53d8\u91cfA\u548cB\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8d4b\u503c\u5e76\u8bfb\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4e8b\u52a1 T1\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • T1 \u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6253\u5370 ( A + B )\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6233 1 \u65f6\u523b\u8bfb\u53d6\u53d8\u91cfA\u548cB\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u4e8b\u52a1 T2\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • T2 \u4e8b\u52a1\u4fee\u6539\u53d8\u91cfA\u548cB\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0cT2 \u4e8b\u52a1\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7FAA(g)<\/code> (Fetch-And-Add) \u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2acommit_time<\/code>\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4e0b\u5199\u5165B\u7684\u65b0\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5199\u5b8cB\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5199\u5165A\u7684\u65b0\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837T2\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0a\u4f9d\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86B\u548cA\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u90e8\u5206\u5feb\u7167\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • T1 \u4e8b\u52a1\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6233 2 \u901a\u8fc7 start_time = FAA(g)<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u53d6\u53d8\u91cfA\u548cB\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\uff0cT1\u8bfb\u5230\u4e86A\u7684\u65e7\u503c ( A_0 ) \u548cB\u7684\u65b0\u503c ( B_1 )\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u7531\u4e8eT1\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5373A\u548cB\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u5feb\u7167\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aT1\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u9700\u6c42\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • T2 \u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cT1 \u8981\u4e48\u770b\u5230T2\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u503c\uff08A\u548cB\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u770b\u5230T2\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65e7\u503c\uff08A\u548cB\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u770b\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u56fe\u4e2d\u7ea2\u8272\u6587\u5b57\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u6e90\u4e8eT2\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7f3a\u5c11\u201c\u5148\u540e\u201d\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u5feb\u7167\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u660e\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8ba9T2\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9T1\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u201c\u5168\u6709\u6216\u5168\u65e0\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373T2\u7684\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48T1\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u65e7\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5728\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8986\u76d6\u73b0\u6709\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u76ee\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u907f\u514d\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u5feb\u7167\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \u83b7\u53d6\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u8981\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u6620\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1 T1 \u5728 T2 \u4e4b\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5219 T1 \u5e94\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ea\u8bfb\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u6700\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u8ba1\u6570\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08FAA\uff09\u83b7\u53d6\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528FAA\u83b7\u53d6\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528FAA\u83b7\u53d6\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u672a\u6765\u7684\u6539\u8fdb<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5c06\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u5f15\u5165\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7269\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u4f1a\u66f4\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5c1d\u8bd5 #1\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528MV\uff08\u591a\u7248\u672c\uff09\u4f18\u5316OCC\uff08\u4e50\u89c2\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. \u83b7\u53d6\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u9636\u6bb51\uff1a\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u4ece\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5c06\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7f13\u51b2\u5230\u5199\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7acb\u5373\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u83b7\u53d6\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u63d0\u4ea4\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u9636\u6bb52\uff1a\u5728\u5173\u952e\u533a\u6bb5\u4e2d\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5c06\u5199\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4e0e\u4f20\u7edfOCC\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u7248\u672c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8bfb\u5199\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Commit(tx):\n   for record in tx.write_set: \n       lock(record)\n   let commit_ts = FAA(global_counter)\/\/\u62ff\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\n   for record in tx.write_set:\n       record.insert_new_version(commit_ts, ...) \/\/\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7248\u672c\n       unlock(record) \n\nGet(tx, record):\n   while record.is_locked():\/\/\u88ab\u9501\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u62ff\n         pass\n   for version,value in record.sort_version_in_decreasing():\/\/\u6309\u7167\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u6392\u5e8f\n       if version <= tx.start_time: \/\/\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u7248\u672c\u7684\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u4e8b\u52a1\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u3002\n          return value <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Multi-site transaction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u80cc\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8d26\u6237\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3001\u534f\u8c03\u5668\uff08\u524d\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u3001\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982iPhone\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u8c03\u5668\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u4e24\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u8303\u56f4\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u670d\u52a1\u5668A\u8d1f\u8d23\u8d26\u6237A-M<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u670d\u52a1\u5668B\u8d1f\u8d23\u8d26\u6237N-Z<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ef4\u62a4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5355\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u5730\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u76ee\u7684<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5730\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u534f\u8c03\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u4e2a\u5b58\u6b3e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0Alice\u548cJack\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u4f59\u989d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u534f\u8c03\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\uff08RPC\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed9\u5404\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u8d26\u6237\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u8c03\u7528deposit(bank, acct, amt)<\/code>\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d26\u6237\u6267\u884c\u5b58\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u539f\u5b50\u6027\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56de\u6eda\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong>\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6545\u969c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u56fe\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u95ea\u7535\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u901a\u4fe1\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u7591\u95ee<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6210\u529f\u63d0\u4ea4\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56de\u6eda\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56de\u6eda\uff0c\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\uff1f<\/strong> \u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u6765\u534f\u8c03\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u4e48\u90fd\u63d0\u4ea4\u8981\u4e48\u90fd\u56de\u6eda\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        two-phase commit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4 (Two-phase Commit) \u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u4e8b\u52a1\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u56de\u6eda\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u9636\u6bb51\uff1a\u51c6\u5907 \/ \u6295\u7968<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. \u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4ea4\u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u6682\u5b9a\u63d0\u4ea4\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. \u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u6b62\u6216\u6682\u5b9a\u63d0\u4ea4<\/strong>\uff1a\u5404\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u6682\u65f6\u63d0\u4ea4\uff08\u5373\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65e0\u8bef\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4ea4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. \u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u8bc4\u4f30\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u6536\u96c6\u6240\u6709\u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u4f53\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u9636\u6bb52\uff1a\u63d0\u4ea4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. \u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u4e2d\u6b62<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u6839\u636e\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u201c\u6700\u7ec8\u63d0\u4ea4\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u6b62\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. \u534f\u8c03\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u56de\u6eda<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u901a\u77e5\u5404\u4e2a\u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u7ec8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u56de\u6eda\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u6267\u884c (Execution)<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u6682\u5b9a\u63d0\u4ea4 (Tentative commit)<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u786e\u8ba4\u6682\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u8fdb\u5165\u6682\u5b9a\u63d0\u4ea4\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u63d0\u4ea4 (Commit)<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u786e\u8ba4\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u8fdb\u5165\u6700\u7ec8\u63d0\u4ea4\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u4e2d\u6b62 (Abort)<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u65e0\u6cd5\u6682\u5b9a\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c06\u88ab\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d41\u7a0b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u8de8\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u786e\u4fdd\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u8981\u4e48\u4e00\u8d77\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e00\u8d77\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u597d\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u5f20\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\u534f\u8bae\uff08Two-Phase Commit Protocol\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\uff08\u591a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\uff08\u786e\u4fdd\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. high_begin<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6807\u8bb0\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7 high_begin<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u5373\u5c06\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8d26\u6237\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c deposit<\/code>\uff08\u5b58\u6b3e\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. high_commit<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u8fdb\u5165 high_commit<\/code> \u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u51c6\u5907\u9636\u6bb5\uff08Prepare Phase\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u5411\u6240\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5b50\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u201c\u51c6\u5907\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u63d0\u4ea4\u9636\u6bb5\uff08Commit Phase\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u4e8b\u52a1\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u6307\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u4e8b\u52a1\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u4e8b\u52a1\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3001\u534f\u8c03\u8005\uff08Coordinator\uff09\u3001\u548c\u4e24\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08A-M<\/code> \u548c N-Z<\/code>\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u968f\u540e\u7531\u534f\u8c03\u8005\uff08Coordinator\uff09\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u534f\u8c03\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. \u534f\u8c03\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/strong>\uff1a\u534f\u8c03\u8005\u8d1f\u8d23\u786e\u4fdd\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u534f\u8c03\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5145\u5f53\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u51b3\u5b9a\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. \u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u51c6\u5907\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u534f\u8c03\u8005\u5411\u4e24\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08A-M<\/code> \u548c N-Z<\/code>\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u201c\u51c6\u5907\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u63d0\u4ea4\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u8fd4\u56de\u201cOK\u201d\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u8005\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u201c\u63d0\u4ea4\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u5404\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u9636\u6bb5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e0a\u88ab\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51c6\u5907\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u63d0\u4ea4\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u82e5\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u6574\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u56de\u6eda\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08Low-layer TX\uff09\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u56de\u987e\uff08Redo-only Logging\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u201c\u63d0\u4ea4\u70b9\u201d\u65f6\u5411\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\u63d0\u4ea4\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u80fd\u5426\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u63d0\u4ea4\u8bb0\u5f55\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff01<\/strong> \u56e0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e4b\u524d\u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5728\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\uff082PC\uff09\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1a<\/strong>\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4f7f\u7528\u201cRedo-Undo\u201d\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5982\u5e38\u89c4\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u63d0\u4ea4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e34\u65f6\u63d0\u4ea4\u201d\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201c\u51c6\u5907\u72b6\u6001\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4e34\u65f6\u63d0\u4ea4\u6761\u76ee\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8be2\u95ee\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u5668\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1a<\/strong> \u8d1f\u8d23\u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06\u201c\u51c6\u5907\u201d\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u6311\u6218\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u90e8\u5206\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5df2\u4e34\u65f6\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u7ec8\u63d0\u4ea4\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u57fa\u4e8e\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\uff09\u90e8\u5206\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4\u51b3\u7b56<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u534f\u8c03\u5668\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u534f\u8c03\u5668\u7684\u804c\u8d23<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5982\u679c\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u201c\u4e2d\u6b62\u201d\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u4e2d\u6b62\u201d\u6216\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u63d0\u4ea4\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u6574\u4f53\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5de5\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/strong>\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u534f\u8c03\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u201c\u63d0\u4ea4\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u63d0\u4ea4\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0 N-Z Server \u5fc3\u8df3\u5305\u6ca1\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 coordinator \u5c31 abort\u3002\u5728 commit point \u524d\u53d1\u751f\u4e86 crash\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7b49\u5f85 N-Z Server \u91cd\u542f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5 abort \u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u53d1\u5b8c ok \u4ee5\u540e\u53d1\u73b0 commit \u7684 message \u4e22\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u8ba9 coordinator \u4e3b\u52a8\u91cd\u53d1\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5c31\u662f server \u4e3b\u52a8\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b coordinator \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u6d88\u606f\u4e86\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf prepared \u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 Server \u662f\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1 \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5982\u679c coordinator \u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230 A-M server \u7684 ACK\uff0c\u5c31 coordinator \u518d\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6b64\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728 commit point \u540e\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f abort\uff0cworker \u5728 prepare \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u628a prepare \u7684 log \u5199\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u4ee5\u540e\u53d1\u73b0 transaction \u5904\u5728 prepare \u72b6\u6001\uff0cworker \u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053 \u81ea\u5df1\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b coordinator \u521a\u624d\u90a3\u4e2a transaction \u5230\u5e95\u662f commit \u8fd8\u662f abort\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u91cd\u542f\u5b8c\u53d1\u73b0 commit \u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u7684 prepared\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 coordinator \u91cd\u542f\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u76f4 \u63a5\u53d1\u9001 abort \u7ed9 server \u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u91cd\u542f\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u53d1\u4e00\u904d commit \u5230\u4e24\u4e2a server \u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. \u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\uff082PC\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u539f\u5b50\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4e8b\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. \u5728\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u6216\u534f\u8c03\u5668\uff09\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u70b9\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u6062\u590d\u5230\u51c6\u5907\uff08PREPARED\uff09\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. \u5269\u4f59\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u534f\u8c03\u5668\u6545\u969c\u4e0b\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u9075\u5faa\u534f\u8c03\u5668\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u534f\u8c03\u5668\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5b95\u673a\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8bb2\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u534f\u8c03\u5668\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u60b2\u89c2\u590d\u5236 (Pessimistic Replication)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u6709\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u5236\u7684\u9501\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6216\u7528\u4e8e\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\uff082PC\uff09\u7684\u590d\u5236\u534f\u8c03\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u4e24\u6b21\u5206\u914d\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u6743\u8861\uff1a<\/strong>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u60b2\u89c2\u590d\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u53ef\u7528\u6027\u6bd4\u4e50\u89c2\u590d\u5236\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u7b49\u5f85\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u526f\u672c\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u51fa\u73b0 out-of-sync \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u548c\u673a\u5668\u53bb\u5224\u5b9a\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u53bb\u7ef4\u62a4\u673a\u5668\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a vector \u53bb\u7ef4\u62a4 \u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u5668\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86 conflict\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u52a8 merge \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u60b2\u89c2\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u51fa\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55 conflict \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0csingle-copy\uff08\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a copy \u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u529e\u6cd5\u53eb\u505a Quorum\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u7b49\u5230\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56de \u624d\u6210\u529f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u5199\u90fd\u662f n \u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7b49\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56de\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a ACK \u4e86\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec \u5199\u4e86\u4e09\u53f0\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u53f0\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1Qr+Qw >  replica \u5373 \u53ef\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u503c\u662f 2\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u503c\u662f 3\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u6bd4\u5982\u539f\u6765\u7684\u503c \u662f 3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5199 2 \u8fdb\u53bb\u3002\u8bfb 3 \u4e2a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u5230\u4e86\u201c2,3,3\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f 3.\u8fd9\u548c\u6295\u7968\u6ca1 \u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bfb\u5230\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u4f1a recovery\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5 3 \u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210 2 \u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7684 client \u9700\u8981\u518d\u53bb\u8bfb\u5b83\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u5355\u4e00\u526f\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027 (\u7ebf\u6027\u5316)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u4e50\u89c2\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/strong> \u526f\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\u3002\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5728\u5355\u4e00\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u7406\u60f3\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u5355\u4e00\u526f\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/strong>\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u6307\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5916\u90e8\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u50cf\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u64cd\u4f5c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u526f\u672c\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6545\u969c\u6216\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5c4f\u853d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u6b65<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a PPT\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5728\u53f0\u5f0f\u673a\u548c\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u4e0a\u600e \u4e48\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b0\u65e7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u88ab\u7528\u5230 \u7684\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 DNS cache \u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u662f 24 \u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u767e\u5ea6\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6362 ip \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u539f \u5148 ip \u53ef\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c 24 \u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u505a\u8ba1\u91cf\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u82b1\u4e86\u591a\u4e45\u3002\u65e5\u5386\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6253\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u505a\u6392\u5e8f\u3002 \u65e2\u7136\u65f6\u95f4\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u6d4b\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u77f3\u82f1\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u56fa\u5b9a\u9891\u7387\u7684\u6676\u632f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 1MHz \u7684\u632f\u8361\u5668\u4ea7\u751f 1000 \u4e2a cycle \u7684\u65f6 \u95f4\u5c31\u662f 1 \u6beb\u79d2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u65f6\u95f4\u8bb0\u5f55\u6210\u4ece 1970.1.1 \u5230\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86 \u591a\u5c11\u79d2\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5173\u6389\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u677f\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7535\u6c60\u652f \u6491\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f80\u524d\u8d70\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u51c6\uff0c\u6676\u632f\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u632f\u52a8\u7684\u6b21 \u6570\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8bef\u5dee\u548c\u504f\u79fb\u7684\u3002 NTP \u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u56de\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u4e0d\u51c6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd9\u4e48\u8c03\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48 \u540e\u679c\uff1f\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u65f6\u95f4\u6162\u4e86\u5341\u79d2\u949f\u3002t_end \u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4 t_begin \u5c0f\uff0cdelay \u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u8d1f\u6570\u6216\u8005\u5de8\u5927\u7684 \u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5047\u8bbe\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f80\u56de\u8d70\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u949f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c11\u52a0\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u5c31\u6162\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5730\u53bb\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6e10\u6e10\u5730\u53bb\u8c03\u6574\u3002 \u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u51c6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 Reconciliation \u5c31\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u4ef6 inode \u4e2d\u7684 m_time\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4e24\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u770b m_time \u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528 m_time \u6765\u8986\u76d6\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5199\u7684\u6570\u636e \u4e0d\u80fd\u4e22\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f vector_timestamp\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5411\u91cf\uff0c \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5728\u6bcf\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u5411\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u624d\u53bb\u505a\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 \u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6c38\u8fdc\u53ea\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e50\u89c2\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Quorum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u60b2\u89c2\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u600e\u4e48\u5904\u7406\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55 conflict\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u60f3\u5230\u8fbe single-copy-consistency\u3002 1. \u52a0\u9501\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd \u4e00\u4e2a client \u7ed9\u5411\u4e24\u4e2a server \u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6302\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53d1\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc \u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4 network partition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5199\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u5199\u4e09\u4efd\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4e24\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56de\u590d\u5199\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 \u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5199\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u8bfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u6b63\u597d\u6302\u4e86\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec \u4e5f\u8981\u53d1 3 \u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6536\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bfb\u5230\u4e86\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u5199\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e00\u4e2a server \u53d1\u9001 failure \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f Quorum\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8bfb\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff08Qr\uff09\u548c\u5199\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff08Qw\uff09\u5fc5\u987b\u5927\u4e8e replica \u6570\u91cf N\uff082+2>3\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u5230\u7684 replica \u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5199 4 \u8bfb 2 \u663e\u7136\u662f\u5bf9\u8bfb\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u8bfb\u3002\u5199\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8 1 \u4e2a crash\uff0c\u8bfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019 \u6211\u4eec\u5141\u8bb8 3 \u4e2a crash\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6ce8\u610f Qw = 2\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u53ea\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u800c\u662f 5 \u4e2a\u90fd\u8981\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709 2 \u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u5199\u5b8c\u5c31\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\u4e86\u3002\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0clatency \u6bd4\u5199 5 \u4e2a\u6536\u5230 4 \u4e2a\u7684 latency \u8981\u4f4e\u3002 \u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316 availability\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u90fd\u6536\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31 \u8981\u6c42\u5199\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u3002 Quorum \u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5199\u90fd\u8981\u5199 5\uff0c\u8bfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb 2 \u4e2a\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  RSM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5982\u679c\u673a\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00 \u6837\u7684\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f deterministic \u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u8fc7\u53bb\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u987a\u5e8f\u5f88\u96be\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Deterministic \u5462\uff1f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u679c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u9501\u3001CPU \u591a\u6838\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b49\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd deterministic\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 \u786e\u4fdd the same order \u662f\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u65e2\u7136\u5b83\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u4e3a\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668 coordinator-worker \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec \u60f3\u4fdd\u8bc1 input \u7684 order\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684 coordinator \u53bb\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a input\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u88ab\u7528\u6765 \u7ed9 input \u6253\u4e0a order \u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a network partition\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e coordinator2 \u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a primary server S1 \u6302\u4e86\uff0ccoordinator2 \u8981\u7acb\u5373\u628a S2 \u53d8\u6210 primary server\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6b64\u65f6 S1 \u548c S2 \u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4e86\uff0cS1 \u548c S2 \u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a view server\uff0c\u5b83\u8bb0\u5f55\u8c01\u662f primary\uff0c\u8c01\u662f backup\u3002View server \u4f1a\u901a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\uff0c \u4f60\u662f backup \u8fd8\u662f primary\u3002View server \u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u6765\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Coordinator \u5f00\u59cb\u95ee view server \u73b0\u5728\u8c01\u662f primary\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u662f S1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 coordinator \u5c31\u76f4\u63a5 \u548c S1 \u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002S1 \u548c S2 \u5b9a\u671f\u5730\u5411 View server \u53d1\u9001\u5fc3\u8df3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a view server \u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f \u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. S1 \u6302\u4e86\uff0cview server \u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u73b0 S1 \u7684\u5fc3\u8df3\u6ca1\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48 view server \u4efb\u547d S2 \u53d8\u6210 primary\u3002 \u7136\u540e coordinator \u95ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de S2\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f view server \u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u5bb9\u9519\u3002\u5728 S2 \u53ea\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u662f primary \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a reject \u6765\u81ea client \u548c coordinator \u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u4e24\u4e2a primary \u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684 \u60c5\u51b5\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Network partition failure\uff0cS1 \u5176\u5b9e\u6ca1\u6302\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fc3\u8df3\u6ca1\u6709\u5230 view server\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 view server \u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a primary server S1 \u6302\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a S1 \u6302\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u628a S2 \u8bbe\u4e3a primary\u3002 \u5b83\u8bbe\u7f6e primary S2 \u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728 fly \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002Coordinator \u7ed9 S1 \u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u6267 \u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u548c S2 \u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 S2 \u540c\u6b65\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5728\u8fd8\u5728 fly \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0ccoordinator \u77e5\u9053 primary S2 \u4e86\uff0c \u8fd8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u547d\u72b6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5230 S2 \u4f1a reject \u6389 coordinator \u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4efb\u547d\u72b6\u5230 S2 \u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6 S1 \u548c S2 \u90fd\u662f primary\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6b64\u65f6 coordinator \u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u5230 S2\uff0c\u5982\u679c coordinator \u6ca1\u6536\u5230\u65b0\u7684 \u662f S2\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7ed9 S1 \u53d1\u4e86\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u5176\u4ed6 backup server \u53d1\u9001 ACK \u7ed9 primary server \u624d\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002S2 \u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709 backup\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a S1 \u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u662f primary\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 S2 \u5728 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u77ed\u6682\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u662f\u6ca1\u6709 backup \u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u65f6 S2 \u4f5c\u4e3a primary server\uff0c \u5b83\u77e5\u9053\u5f53\u524d\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u5c0f\u5f1f\uff08backup-server\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 S2 \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6536\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u7684 ACK \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267 \u884c\u522b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8584\u5f31\u7684\u70b9\u5c31\u662f VS\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u591a\u53f0 VS\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00 \u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u5e0c\u671b view server \u662f\u4e00\u53f0\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u53f0\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5f15\u5165 \u4e86 paxos\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Paxos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Paxos \u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u662f\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684 viewserver \u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a \u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f fault-tolerance\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6302\u4e86\u4e0e\u5426\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PAXOS \u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1 termination\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba8\u8bba\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0d\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c \u90a3\u5c31\u518d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1 termination \u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5206\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6709 Proposer\uff1a\u63d0\u8bae\u628a S2 \u53d8\u6210 primary\uff0cacceptor \u8bf4\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u800c learner \u5c31\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u5728\u4e0d\u540c round \u91cc\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u626e\u6f14\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002Paxos \u6700\u96be\u7684\u662f\u4e0d \u540c\u8f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u5d4c\u5957\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u8f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u5d4c\u5957\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f Paxos \u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5410\u69fd\u592a\u96be\u61c2\u4e86\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684 acceptor \u540c\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a proposal \u7684 value \u662f \uff08v proposal: 2:S2\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 S2 \u662f primary server\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9996\u5148\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a proposer\uff0c\u5b83\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a leader\u3002Leader \u4f1a proposal \u4e00\u4e2a value v \u53d1\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u662f agree\uff0c\u5982\u679c major \u7684 acceptor agree \u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u5ba3\u5e03 result\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2-phase-commit \u8981\u6536\u96c6\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684 commit \u624d commit\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u91cc leader \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6536\u96c6\u5230 majority \u7684 acceptor \u7684 agree\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5 announce\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f majority\uff0c\u4e94\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u8bf4\u7b49\u4e8e v1 \u548c\u4e94\u4e2a\u673a\u5668 \u8bf4\u7b49\u4e8e v2\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u597d\u89e3\u51b3\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u53d8\u6210 leader \u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u4f60\u53d8\u6210 leader\uff0c\u8fd9 \u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c4b\u5b50\u91cc\u4e71\u7cdf\u7cdf\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u5728 propose \u51fa\u65b0 \u7684 proposal\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e22\uff0cleader \u4e5f crash \u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a leader \u6536\u96c6\u5230 majority\uff0c \u521a\u60f3\u548c\u5927\u5bb6\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f leader\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u6302\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb PAXOS\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u5c0f\u5c9b\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u4f4f\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u9009 leader\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u51fa\u6765 proposal\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u9a91\u7740\u5c0f\u8f66\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6709 round \u7684\uff0c\u8f6e\u548c\u8f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 \u7b49\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u7ed3\u675f\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7b97\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u53c8\u5206\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Client \u8ba9 proposer \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a proposer \u53d8\u6210\u4e86 leader\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u5c31\u662f leader\u201d\uff0c \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u522b\u4eba\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a proposal \u53eb\u505a N\uff0cN \u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u5b83\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709 proposal \u90fd\u8981\u5927\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u628a proposal N \u53d1\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5bf9\u4e8e acceptor\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u7684 proposal \u5927\u4e8e\u5b83\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709 proposal\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u628a\u4e4b\u524d\u89c1\u8fc7 \u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684 proposal \u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u53d1\u7ed9 Leader\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5b83\u73b0\u5728\u6536\u5230\u7684\u662f 5 \u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e4b\u524d\u6536\u5230\u7684\u662f 4 \u53f7+value \u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a 4 \u53f7+value \u53d1\u7ed9 leader\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u627f\u8bfa\u672a\u6765\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u4e8e N \u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b proposal\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \u6240\u4ee5 acceptor \u5c31\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5982\u679c leader \u6536\u5230\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u591a\uff08majority\uff09\u7684 promise\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a value V \u53d1\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u7684 promise \u7ed9\u5b83\u7684 acceptor \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709 promise \u91cc\u9762\u662f\u6ca1 \u6709 value \u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u81ea\u5df1\u6311\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 v\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e26\u4e86 value\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u8fd9\u4e2a value\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Acceptor \u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c promise \u4f9d\u7136\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u65b0\u7684 N \u548c value\uff0c \u8bb0\u4e0b\u6765\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u7ed9 leader \u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a accept\u3002\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u4e2a leader \u5c31\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a learner \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u590d\u7ed9 client \u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u7684 view server \u662f\u8c01\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5728\u6574\u4e2a paxos \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5145\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Na \u548c Va \u5c31\u662f\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684 n \u548c v \u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684 n \u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u81ea \u5df1\u7684 proposal number \u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5b83\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709 proposal \u90fd\u5927\u7684 proposal number \u53d1\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e acceptor \u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bd4\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709 proposal number \u90fd\u5927\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8fd4\u56de < Na , Va ><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5982\u679c V \u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e null\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u7684 Na \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 Va\u3002\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u7ed9\u6240\u6709 acceptor\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e acceptor\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 leader \u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \u5982\u679c leader \u6536\u4e0d\u5230 majority\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8981\u7b49\u4e00\u8f6e\u671f\u5f85\u4e0b\u8f6e\u80fd\u591f\u6536\u5230\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u4e00\u6b21\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u7684 paxos<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u591a\u4e2a acceptor \u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0cacceptor \u6302\u4e86\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d \u63a5\u53d7\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a proposal\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a leader \u540c\u65f6\u5728\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e24\u4e2a leader \u540c\u65f6\u89c1\u5230 majority \u5462\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  A \u60f3\u8981\u6210\u4e3a proposer\uff0c\u5b83\u53d1\u8d77 proposal N= 1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u7ed9 A\u3001B\u3001C\uff0c\u53d1\u7ed9 B \u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e22\u4e86\uff0c \u90a3\u4e48 A \u5c31\u6536\u5230 2 \u4e2a promise\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u53d1\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u540e A \u6302\u4e86\uff0cB \u53c8\u6d3b\u4e86\uff0c \u7136\u540e B \u6311\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a proposal N=2\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u56e0\u4e3a A \u6302\u4e86\uff0cB \u53ea\u80fd\u6536\u5230 B \u548c C \u7684 promise\u3002\u4e8e\u662f B \u5c31 \u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u800c B \u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u8bf4\u81ea\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u679c B \u518d\u6302\u4e86\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a D\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u540e\u9762\u7684 leader \u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u662f\u8c01\uff0c\u90fd\u5f97\u5230 \u7684\u662f foo\u3002\u8fd9\u6837 foo \u662f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1 foo \u5230 C \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5982\u679c\u73b0\u5728\u6709 7 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0cA \u6536\u5230\u4e86 51%\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684 promise\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u53d1 accept \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ea\u53d1\u5230 \u4e86 C \u5c31\u6302\u4e86\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u62ff\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a foo\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e94\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u662f majority\uff0c\u7136\u540e C \u4e5f\u6302\u4e86\u3002 \u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053 foo \u4e86\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e94\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a value=bar\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48 \u65f6\u523b foo \u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6709 7 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0cC \u6536\u5230 foo \u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53 majority \u6536\u5230 \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a commit point\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684 proposal \u91cc\uff0c\u6536\u5230 \u7684 promise \u91cc\u7684 majority \u91cc\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a foo\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e accept \u7684 majority \u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e promise \u7684 majority \u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u96c6 foo\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u4e94\u4e2a\u4eba\u91cc\u9762\u5927\u5bb6\u53c8 proposal \u4e00\u4e2a bar\uff0c\u6536\u5230\u4e86 4 \u4e2a promise\u3002\u6709\u4eba proposal bar\uff0c\u521a\u521a\u6709 \u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6536\u5230\u4e86 bar\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6 A \u548c C \u53c8\u6d3b\u4e86\u3002\u6b64\u65f6 C \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u540c\u610f\u8fc7 foo\uff0cB \u540c\u610f\u8fc7 Bar\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6 E propose \u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 N\u3002\u6b64\u65f6 E \u6536\u96c6\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b null, foo, bar\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8981\u9009\u6700\u5927\u7684\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f bar\u3002\u6b64\u65f6 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u628a\u53d1\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7b49 majority \u6536\u5230\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u662f commit point\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 paxos \u91cc\u9762 commit point \u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0ccommit point \u662f majority \u6536\u5230 \u4e86 accept \u5e76\u4e14\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230 log \u4e2d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053 commit point \u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f paxos \u548c\u5176 \u4ed6\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6709\u4e86 paxos\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a client \u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f majority \u540c \u610f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 RSM \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d Paxos \u5b9e\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 raft \u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Raft<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Leader election\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u4f5c\u4e3aleader\uff0c\u6709\u4e14\u53ea\u67091\u4e2a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u68c0\u6d4b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u9009\u4e3e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Log replication (normal operation)\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Leader\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0log<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Leader\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684log\u590d\u5236\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6server(\u6216\u8986\u76d6)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Safety\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4ec5\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u8db3\u591f\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3aleader<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u4e09\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Leader<\/strong>: \u54cd\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u590d\u5236Follower\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7(active)\u3002\u6bcf\u65f6\u6bcf\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aLeader<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Follower<\/strong>: \u53ea\u5bf9\u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684RPC\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u54cd\u5e94(passive\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u63a5\u6536)\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Server\u901a\u8fc7RPC\u4ea4\u6d41<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Candidate<\/strong>: \u65b0Leader\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4efb\u671fTerm\uff1a\u4efb\u671f\u6709\u81ea\u589eID\uff0ctermID\u6700\u9ad8\u7684Leader\u6709\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u4ece\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9009\u51faLeader\uff0c\u5219\u5728Leader\u6302\u6389\u65f6\u4efb\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u51faLeader\uff08spilt vote\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u7684Term<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. \u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u8eab\u72b6\u6001Follower\u2192Candidate<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. termID++<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. \u53d1\u8d77\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6295\u7968\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u6536\u5230\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8d5e\u6210\u2192\u6210\u4e3aLeader<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548Leader\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u2192\u53d8\u4e3aFollower<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2acandidate\u53d8\u6210Leader\u2192\u589e\u52a0\u4efb\u671f\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u8d77\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u4e3e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5982\u4f55\u964d\u4f4e\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u8005\u9009\u4e3e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u5728[T,2T]\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cT\u4e3a\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u540c\u65f6\u53d8\u4e3aCandidate\u5e76\u53d1\u8d77\u6295\u7968<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Log replication<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u6bcf\u4e2aLog entry\u7531index,term,command\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e2d\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5ba2\u6237\u5411Leader\u53d1\u9001\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Leader\u5c06\u6307\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Leader\u5411Follower\u53d1\u9001AppendEntries RPC\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5982\u679cfollowers\u6162\u4e0d\u505cretry\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5982\u679cLeader\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570ACK\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3acommitted\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Leader\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5c06committed entires\u544a\u77e5follower\uff0cfollower\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u89e3\u51b3\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u6837\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u7ed9\u65e7\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6765\u5f97\u53ca\u7ed9\u5176\u5b83follower\u5c31\u6302\u4e86\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u80af\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u63d0\u4ea4\uff08\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6ca1\u6536\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u4ee5\u6700\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5728AppendEntries\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u6821\u9a8c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5219Follower\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f1a\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u6389\uff0c\u4ee5Leader\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e3a\u51c6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4f46\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u88ab\u5927\u591a\u6570Follower\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5373commit\u6210\u529f\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u6389<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u6389\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u2014\u2014\u9009\u4e3e\u65f6Follower\u68c0\u6d4bCandidate\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u5426\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u65b0\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u5f53\u524dlog\u6700\u65b0\u7684Leader\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u8003\u8651term\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u65e7\u5219\u62d2\u7edd\u6295\u7968
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u907f\u514d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6bd4\u5982\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5e38\uff0cS1S2\u7a81\u7136\u88abpartition\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u9009\u4e86S5\u505aLeader\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u4e86\u51e0\u6761\u540eS5\u4e5f\u4e96\u4e86\u53c8\u56de\u5230S1\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u5206\u53d12\u540e\u53c8\u53bb\u4e16\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u80af\u5b9a\u4e3aS5\u5f53\u9009\uff08log\u6700\u65b0\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e482\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u63a5\u7740Fix\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u90532\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u90a3\u4e48\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1.\u786e\u8ba4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2.\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u7684\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e5f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5f53\u524d\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u8fd9\u6837\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86s5\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u9009\u4e3e\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e864\uff0c\u7b2c34\u5757\u5c31\u5b89\u5168\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Network<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          link layer\uff1a\u70b9\u5230\u70b9\u4f20\u8f93
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Network Layer \uff1a\u628aLink layer\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53d1\u5305\u65f6\u5019\u6210\u529f
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          End-to-end Layer\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u53d1\u5305\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u662f\u65ad\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8ba9 Network Layer \u518d\u627e\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Q\uff1a\u4e2d\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u7a84\u7684\u70b9\uff0c\u6210\u6c99\u6f0f\u578b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u5462\uff1f 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A\uff1a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u52a0\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u7684\u662f\u8d8a\u591a\u673a\u5668\u8d8a\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\u5c31\u662f dumb \u548c smart \u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8d28\u91cf\uff08\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u6570\u636e\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff09\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f \u4e00\u4e2a\u806a\u660e\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53ea\u5e94\u8be5\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3001\u5f88\u8017\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u751a\u81f3\u53d1\u9519\u4e86\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u6700\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u7684Best-effort\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5c3d\u529b\u800c\u4e3a\uff08\u6298\u4e2d\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u53d1\u5230 transaction layer\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u52a0\u4e0a TCP\/UDP \u7684\u5305\u5934\uff0c\u5230 Network Layer \u5c31\u4f1a\u52a0\u4e0a IP \u7684\u5305 \u5934\uff0c\u5230\u4e86 Data Link Layer \u5c31\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u5305\u5934\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528 stack \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a stack \u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5f80\u524d\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u9884\u7559\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6307\u9488\u79fb\u52a8\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u572864-1500\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2atrade-off\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5229\u7528\u7387\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002\u6700\u5c0f64\u7528\u6765\u51b2\u7a81\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Application Layer\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u5957 application \u7684 protocol\uff08HTML FTP SMTP…\uff09;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f51\u9875\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u8003\u8651 data \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982video\/text<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Transport Layer\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fde\u5230\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7 port \u548c application \u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u8d77 65535 \u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u53ea\u6709 1 \u4e2a IP\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 port \u6765\u505a\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u5019client\u4f1a\u7ed9server\u4e00\u4e2asequence\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5305\u7f16\u53f7x\u3002\u63a5\u7740server\u6536\u5230\u540e\u8fd4\u56deack=x+1\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u7684y\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8981\u6ce8\u610f+1\u56de\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u7f6e\u4ed6\u4eba\u5192\u5145\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Link layer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u5230\u7269\u7406\u90bb\u5c45\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u84dd\u7259\u3001\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u3001DJI<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u540c\u6b65\u4f20\u8f93\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u65f6\u949f\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728CPU\u7b49\u7cbe\u5bc6\u90e8\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u9700\u8981\u5f02\u6b65\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u521d\u6b65\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1aThree-wire ready\/acknowledge protocol<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • A\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728data line<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • A\u6539\u53d8ready line\u7684\u503c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • B\u770b\u5230ready line\u7684\u503c\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6data line\u7684\u503c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\uff1a1\/2\u25b3t(propagation time)\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u589e\u52a0\u5e76\u884c\u7ebf\u7f06\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u4e14\u7ebf\u4e0e\u7ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u6839\u7ebf\u4e32\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u3002USB-\u901a\u7528\u4e32\u884c\u603b\u7ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            USB\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5143\u4ef6VCO\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u635f\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4e00\u6839\u7ebf\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u91cf\u8fde\u7eed\u76841\/0\uff0cVCO\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\u65f6\u949f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f0\u21921+0\uff1b1\u21920+1\uff08\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u53cd\uff09\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u90fd\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u5355\u6839\u6570\u636e\u7ebf\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u5e76\u884c\uff1a\u6309\u4eba\u5934\u5206\u65f6\u590d\u7528\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff09\/\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u91c7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u603b\u6570\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e5f\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522b\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff1f
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u2014\u2014\u8bc6\u522b\u5305\u5934\u548c\u5305\u5c3e
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u6211\u4eec\u89c4\u5b9a\u5305\u5934\u4e3a7\u4e2a1\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u57286\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u76841\uff0c\u5219\u57286\u4e2a1\u540e\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u6d77\u660e\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u57fa\u672c\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u9519\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1a\u843d\u5165\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u88ab\u7ea0\u6b63
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u539f\u7406\uff1a\u6d77\u660e\u8ddd\u79bb\u2014\u2014\u76f4\u89c2\u6765\u8bf4\u94f6\u884c\u5361\u6d77\u660e\u8ddd\u79bb\u5927\uff0c\u8f93\u9519\u51e0\u4f4d\u8f6c\u4e0d\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u800c\u624b\u673a\u53f7\u5c0f\uff0c\u8f93\u9519\u4e00\u4f4d\u6253\u51fa\u53bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u8003\u8651\u4e09\u4f4d\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u6210\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c4bit->7bit \u81ea\u52a8\u7ea0\u4e00\u4f4d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            124\u4f4d\u662f\u65b0\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\u5019\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u51e0\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c31\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u5230\u5e95\u54ea\u4e00\u4f4d\u9519\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bc6\u522b<\/strong>1\u4f4d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u843d\u5728 (111,100,010,001)\u56db\u4e2a\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u4fbf\u9519\u8bef1\u4f4d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u843d\u5728\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u70b9\u4e0a\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7ea0\u6b63<\/strong>\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u843d\u5728(111,000)\u8fd9\u6837\u5904\u4e8e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7684\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b631\u4f4d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u4e24\u4f4d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u6d77\u660e\u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u2013e.g. 1101\u21921010101\u3002\u7ea01\u4f4d\u68c0\u6d4b2\u4f4d\uff0c3\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fa\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u68c0\u6d4b\uff1a\u68c0\u6d4b124\u4f4d\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53bb\u8868\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NetworkLayer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Attachment Point (AP)\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211 \u4eec\u8981\u627e\u5230 AP\uff0c\u628a\u8bbe\u5907\u901a\u8fc7 AP\uff08WiFi\u3001\u7f51\u53e3\uff09\u63a5\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u79cd\uff1aBest-effort network<\/strong> & Guaranteed-delivery network<\/strong>\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u540e\u8005\u7528\u5728\u9ad8\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u7f51\u7edc\u6c9f\u901a\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5f20\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0cControl-plane\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0cData-plane\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5305\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Control Plane<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u663e\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5f20\u5168\u5c40\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u5feb\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0a\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u5f20\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u5feb\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • HELLO protocol\uff1a\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90bb\u5c45<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • advertisement\uff1a\u544a\u8bc9\u522b\u4eba\u201c\u6211\u201d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8c01\uff08link state\/distance vector\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Link-state \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001 <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5411\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e00\u4e2alist\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u90bb\u5c45\u548c\u5230\u8fbe\u90bb\u5c45\u7684cost<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u67093\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45BDF<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A\u5411BDF\u5e7f\u64ad\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u662fBDF<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              BDF\u7ee7\u7eed\u5e7f\u64adA\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u6700\u540e\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u505aDijkstra<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Distance-vector<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u544a\u8bc9\u90bb\u5c45\u201c\u6211\u201d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8c01\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u4f55\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u67093\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45BDF<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A\u5411BDF\u5e7f\u64ad\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u662fBDF<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              BDF\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u53d1\u53bb\uff0cCE\u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\u540c\u6837<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528Bellman-Ford<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u4f18\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u503c\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              link-state\u4e0edistance-vector\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <\/td>link-state<\/td>distance-vector<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              adv\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48<\/td>\u5230\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb<\/td>\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53ef\u5230\u8fbe\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u8c01\u6536\u5230adv<\/td>\u6240\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u8282\u70b9<\/td>\u90bb\u5c45<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u6545\u969c\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/td>\u9ad8<\/td>\u4f4e<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888<\/td>\u4f20\u64ad\u8282\u70b9\u8fc7\u591a<\/td>\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4f18\u70b9<\/td>\u5feb\u901f\u6536\u655b<\/td>\u53d1\u9001\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u53d1 2* connection \u4e2a advertisement<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u7f3a\u70b9<\/td>flooding\u9700\u8981\u53d1 2 * node * connection \u6570\u91cf\u7684 advertisement\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602<\/td>\u6536\u655b\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u6700\u957f\u8def\u5f84\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff1bInfinity\u95ee\u9898<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Infinity\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u94fe\u8def\u65ad\u5f00\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u67d0\u6761\u94fe\u8def\uff08\u5982 B \u5230 C\uff09\u65ad\u5f00\uff0cB \u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5230\u8fbe C\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c06\u5230 C \u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u8bbe\u4e3a \u221e\uff08\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u9519\u8bef\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e A \u5728 t=10 \u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u4e2d\u544a\u8bc9 B\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7 A \u5230\u8fbe C\uff0cB \u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a A \u80fd\u5230\u8fbe C\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a B \u539f\u672c\u8ba4\u8bc6 C\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5faa\u73af\u66f4\u65b0\uff1aB \u4f1a\u4ee5\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u503c\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0cA \u4e4b\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u53c8\u88ab\u8bef\u5bfc\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a B \u80fd\u5230 C\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u503c\u4f1a\u53cd\u590d\u9012\u589e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                INFINITY\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1aSplit Horizon<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f20\u9012\u5b66\u6765\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u56de\u539f\u8def\u5f84\uff1a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                A \u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7 B \u5b66\u5230\u7684 \u201c\u5230 C \u7684\u8def\u7531\u201d \u53d1\u56de\u7ed9 B\u3002\u5373\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9 B \u7684 advertisement \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u53bb\u6389\u4e0e B \u6709\u5173\u7684 C \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                B \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1aB \u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u5c06 C \u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a \u221e\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u8bc9 A \u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7531\u5df2\u7ecf\u65ad\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ea\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u6269\u5c55\u8def\u7531<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Path-vector Routing<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Hierarchy of Routing\u8def\u7531\u7b49\u7ea7<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Topological Addressing\u62d3\u6251\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Path-vector Routing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Distance-Vector\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u8def\u7531\u5faa\u73af\u5e76\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u6536\u655b\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u9012\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>\uff08Complete Path\uff09\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u514b\u670d\u4e86 Distance-Vector \u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 Count-to-Infinity<\/strong> \u548c \u8def\u7531\u5faa\u73af<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u4e0b\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u6784\u5efa\u6d41\u7a0b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u5f20 Path Vector<\/strong> \u8868\uff0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff08Destination\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\uff08Path\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6839\u636e\u90bb\u5c45\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u90bb\u5c45\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u8fd1\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • G\u76844\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45AHJK\u53d1\u6765\u6d88\u606f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • G\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Path Vector<\/strong>\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u90bb\u5c45\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\uff0cAHJK\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u6765\u6d88\u606f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • G\u5f62\u6210path vector\u5206\u914d\u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u907f\u514d Count-to-Infinity \u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u6536\u655b<\/strong>\uff1aPath Vector \u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5197\u4f59\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6536\u655b\u65f6\u95f4\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u73af\u8def\uff1f<\/strong>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u62d2\u7edd\u4efb\u4f55\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u591a\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u5f84\uff1f<\/strong>\u6839\u636e\u8def\u5f84\u7684 \u603b\u6210\u672c\uff08Cost\uff09<\/strong> \u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8df3\u6570\u6700\u5c11\u6216\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6700\u4f4e\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u65b0\u94fe\u8def<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5176\u52a0\u5165\u8def\u5f84\u5411\u91cf\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5931\u6548\u94fe\u8def<\/strong>\uff1a\u79fb\u9664\u90bb\u5c45\u505c\u6b62\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hierachical<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55 4 \u4e2a region\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u627e\u5230R1\uff0c\u5728\u4ea4\u7ed9R1\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u627e\u5230R1.B<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1aAddress\u548clocation\u9700\u8981\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ip\u67e5\u5230\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u539f\u56e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u8de8\u8d8aRgion\u8def\u7531\u9700\u8981BGP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Addressing<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5982\u4f55\u7b80\u6d01\u5730\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff1f
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u2014\u2014CIDR Notation\uff1a(18.0.0.0)\u2192(18.0.0.255)\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6210(18.0.0.0)\/24\uff0c\/24\u4ee3\u8868\u524d24\u4f4d\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u662f\u5012\u7740\u770b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Data Plane<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u51e0\u767e\u4e2aCycle\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\uff1f
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u2014\u2014\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4e00\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u67e5\u8868\uff0c\u5728\u8f6c\u53d1\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u8fdbcache\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u77e5\u9053\u5c31\u627e\u51fa\u53e3\u5728\u54ea\u5c31\u627e\uff0c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5c31\u653e\u5f03<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u66f4\u65b0TTL\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • TTL \uff08\u80fd\u88ab\u8f6c\u53d1\u591a\u5c11\u6b21timeToLive\uff09\uff1a\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5934\u90e8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0cTTL \u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11 1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51cf\u5c11\u5230 0\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u94fe\u8def<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528sleep\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8f6e\u8be2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NAT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NAT\uff08network address translation\uff09\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7535\u8111\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u592a\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u5185\u7f51\u548c\u5916\u7f51\u3002\u5185\u7f51\u5f00\u5934\u662f 10.\u548c 192.\u3002\u5185\u7f51ip\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5185\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u7f51\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7Netgate\uff0c\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5916\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684ip\u5bf9\u5916\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u6bd4\u5982\u8bbf\u95eebaidu\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2atranslation\uff0c\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u53bb\u8f6c\u6362\u56de\u6765\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u518d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u56de\u6765\u7ed9\u5185\u7f51\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • NAT Port \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u8fd9\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002Ip \u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u591f\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u4e0a\u5c42 end-to-end layer \u7684 port \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u7528\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6c42\u4e0a\u5c42\u5fc5\u987b\u662f port\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u662f TCP\/UDP \u7684 port \u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 NAT \u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e86\u3002\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u7834\u574f\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u7aef\u53e3\u8017\u5c3d\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662fip\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48IPV6\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff08Ethernet\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff08LAN\uff09\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7edf\u79f0\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u7535\u7f06\u6216\u5149\u7ea4\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u53d1\u9001\u524d\u76d1\u542c\u201d\uff08carrier sense\uff09\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u94fe\u8def\u662f\u5426\u7a7a\u95f2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u78b0\u649e\u201d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u78b0\u649e\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8fd8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u53d1\u9001\u4e2d\u76d1\u542c\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u78b0\u649e\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f7d\u6ce2\u76d1\u542c\u591a\u8def\u8bbf\u95ee\u53ca\u78b0\u649e\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong>\uff08Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0 CSMA\/CD\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u7c7b\u522b\uff1a\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\uff08\u53d1\u6536\u5206\u5f00\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hub\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668 (Hub) \u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4f20\u9001\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Switch \u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a (Switch) \u6839\u636eMAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5b9a\u5411\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5e7f\u64ad\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u53d1\u9001-\u63a5\u6536<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5728\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\uff0cETHERNET_SEND \u53ea\u5c06\u8c03\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5ffd\u7565<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Layer Mapping<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5c06\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8fde\u63a5\u5230Network Layer\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u8003\u8651\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u67b6\u6784\uff08LMN\u2026\u4e3aip\u5730\u5740\uff1b17\/15\/18\u4e3amac\u5730\u5740\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5185\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1aL\u2192N\uff0cN\u4f1a\u76d1\u542c\u5230\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684mac\u5730\u5740\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5916\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1aL\u2192E\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eE\u4e0d\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5185\uff0c\u5305\u5934\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5305\u62ecip\u5730\u5740\u201cE\u201d\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668K\u7684mac\u5730\u5740\u201c19\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u4ece4\u53f7\u53e3\u5c06\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u628amac\u5730\u5740\u4ece\u201c19\u201d\u6539\u6210E\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u5185\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684mac\u5730\u5740\u3002mac\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e0b\u6982\u7387\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8baeARP<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u7684L\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5185\u7f51\uff1aL\u77e5\u9053M\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aARP\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u53bb\u95ee\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807 IP \u5730\u5740\u00a0\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3b\u673a\u7684 MAC \u5730\u5740\u5199\u5165\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u8fd4\u56de\u4e3b\u673a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5916\u7f51\uff1aL\u77e5\u9053E\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9L\u5c06\u51c6\u5907\u53d1\u7ed9E\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5916\u7f51\u4e0a\u627e\u5bfbE\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u6216\u8005\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053E\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u95eemac\u5730\u5740\u662f\u8c01\u77e5\u9053\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48hacker\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u88abhacker\u4e2d\u95f4\u5229\u7528\u3002\u65e0\u6cd5\u9632\u5fa1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90e8\u961f\u4e0aarp\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u624b\u52a8\u52a0\u5165\u9632\u6b62\u6709\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    End to End Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4e09\u79cd\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • UDP(User Datagram Protocol)\uff1a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u6ca1\u4fdd\u969c\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)\uff1a\u4fdd\u6301\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5305\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u5305\uff1b\u652f\u6301\u6d41\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • RTP(Real-time Transport Protocol)\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\u6d41\u5f0f\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4fdd\u8bc1at-least-once\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u6b21\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4fdd\u8bc1at-most-once<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6b63\u786e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u7f51\u7edc\u6ce2\u52a8\u63a7\u5236(Jitter control)\uff08\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u6388\u6743\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u9690\u79c1\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4fdd\u8bc1\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff08\u6700\u96be\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5168\u90e8\u6ee1\u8db37\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        At-least-once<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u57fa\u672c\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u5bf9\u65b9\u672a\u53d1\u9001ACK\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u518d\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u201c\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u2014\u2014RTT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        RTT(Round Trip time)=\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u5305\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u5ef6+\u5197\u4f59\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u53d1\u5305\u65f6\u5305\u62ecnonce(id)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • sender\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4efd\u5305\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5982\u679c\u8d85\u65f6\u5219\u91cd\u53d1nonce\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5305<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u76f4\u5230receiver\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62ecnonce\u7684ACK<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5982\u679cretry\u8fc7\u591a\u5219\u653e\u5f03<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u786e\u5b9aRTT\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u9996\u5148\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fc7\u957f\u8fc7\u77ed\u90fd\u4e0d\u597d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4f7f\u7528Adaptive timer\uff1a\u6bcf\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u6b21\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5c06RTT\u53d8\u4e3a1.5\u500d\uff1b\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • NAK(Negative Acknowledgment)\uff1areceiver\u5728\u6536\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\u544a\u8bc9sender\u81ea\u5df1\u7f3a\u5931\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5305\uff0c\u9700\u8981receiver\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2aTimer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            At-most-once<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1areceiver\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6700\u8fd1\u7684nonce\uff0c\u5982\u679csender\u91cd\u53d1\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u518d\u5904\u7406
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u2014\u2014\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u754c\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5220\u9664nonce\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5220\u4e86\u8fd8\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5893\u7891<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u8bf7\u6c42\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e42\u7b49\u6027\uff0c\u5bb9\u5fcd\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u5305<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • nonce\u81ea\u589e\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e0b\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u6700\u9ad8nonce\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565nonce\u4f4e\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u4e71\u5e8f\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u3002\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u5893\u7891\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u5730\u65b9<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53ea\u670d\u52a1\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7aef\u53e310000\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u752810001\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u590d\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\uff1f\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2a\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u591f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Anyway\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u6570\u636e\u6b63\u786e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u57fa\u672c\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1achecksum\u6821\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u603b\u6709\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6821\u9a8c\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u53d1\u9001\u987a\u5e8f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              sender\u544a\u8bc9receiver\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u6db5\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u6536\u52303\u53f7\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u65364\u53f7\u5305\uff0c\u629b\u5f03\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5305<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2abuffer\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7fbuffer\u5360\u7528\u6781\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • buffer\u6ee1\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6e05\u7a7abuffer\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u91cd\u4f20<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • receiver\u53d1\u9001NAK\uff0c\u544a\u77e5sender\u7f3a\u5c11\u54ea\u4e2a\u5305<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u6ce2\u52a8\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u89c6\u9891\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u5ef6\u786e\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5927\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5206\u522b\u662f99\u957f\u65f6\u5ef6\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u65f6\u5ef6\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u6388\u6743\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u9690\u79c1\u6027<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u516c\u94a5\u53ca\u79c1\u94a5\uff0c\u79c1\u94a5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6cc4\u9732<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u6027\u80fd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u53d1\u5305\u2192ACK\u2192\u53d1\u5305\u2192ACK\u2026\u6536\u5230\u540e\u624d\u8fd4\u56de\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u4e5f\u6700\u597d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u95ee\u9898\u662f\u65f6\u5ef6\uff0c\u901a\u8baf\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u6539\u8fdb\uff1asender\u4e00\u76f4\u53d1\u5305\uff0creceiver\u6536\u5230\u540e\u53d1ACK\u56de\u6765\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u592a\u5feb\u4e86\uff0c\u4e22\u5305<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u95ee\u9898\uff1asender\u4e00\u76f4\u53d1\u5305\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1n\u4e2a\uff0c\u505c\u4e00\u4f1a\uff0c\u518d\u53d1n\u4e2a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9an\u2014\u2014\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5e26\u5bbd\u548creceiver\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5982\u679c\u5e26\u5bbd\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7b49receiver\u5904\u7406\u5b8cn\u4e2a\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u7ec4ACK\uff0c\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5305 \u3002\uff08\u56fa\u5b9a\u7a97\u53e3\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u4f46\u662f\u7b49\u5f85ACK\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39\u6389\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981TCP\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u201d\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6536\u52301\u53d13\uff0c\u65362\u53d14\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff1awindow size\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1awindow size \u2265 round-trip time\uff08\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u00d7 bottleneck(\u74f6\u9888) data rate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5982\uff1asender\u901f\u73871MBps\uff0creceiver\u901f\u7387500kBps\uff0cRTT=70ms\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u5305\u5927\u5c0f5kB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5219Sliding window size=500kB*70ms=35kB\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3\u53d17\u4e2a\u5305\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      TCP\u5835\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u8c01\u6765\u8d1f\u8d23\u51b2\u7a81\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      network layer\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u5835\u585e\uff1b\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8d85\u989d\u6570\u636e\u5305
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      end to end layer\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u5230ACK\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u9ad8\u6548<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u62e5\u5835\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e0\u9650\u5730\u53d1\u5305\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7ed9Sliding window size\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u754c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u62e5\u5835\uff1awindow size\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1awindow size \u2264 min(RTT \u00d7 bottleneck data rate, Receiver buffer)<\/strong>\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u9632\u6b62\u62e5\u5835\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5835\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u7f13\u6162\u589e\u52a0\u5305\u7684\u6570\u91cf<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u4e22\u5305\uff0c\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u589e\u52a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e22\u5305\uff0c\u5219\u5feb\u901f\u964d\u4f4e\u5305\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6027\u80fd\uff1a\u5373\u4fbf\u964d\u4f4e\u5305\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4f4e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u6ee1\u74f6\u9888\u6d41\u91cf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff1a\u5171\u4eab\u74f6\u9888\u7684\u53d1\u4ef6\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        AIMD<\/strong>(Additive Increase, Multiplicative Decrease)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6bcf\u4e2aRTT\u4e2d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u597d: cwnd = cwnd + 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u90e8\u5206\u4e22\u5305\uff1a cwnd = cwnd \/ 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5168\u90e8\u4e22\u5305\uff1a\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u662f1\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u589e\u957f\u8fc7\u6162\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u589e\u957f\u6309\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\uff0ccwnd=2*cwnd\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u90fd\u662f\u52a0\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea7\u751f\u538b\u529b\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7b49\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          AIMD\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e26\u5bbd\u5206\u914d\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff0c\u539f\u7406\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u659c\u7387\u4e0d\u540c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          TCP\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u8def\u7531\u5668\u9700\u8981buffer\uff0c\u8fc7\u5927\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6392\u961f\u65f6\u95f4\u4f1a\u5f88\u957f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5728\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u53f7\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u51cf\u5c11\u53d1\u5305\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u589e\u5927\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u74f6\u9888\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5728\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6bcf\u6b21\u6298\u534a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u5bf9\u4e8eRTT\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u201c\u504f\u89c1\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DNS\u57df\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u591a\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u7528\u6237\u627f\u8f7d
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u57df\u540d\u4e0eIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u901a\u8fc7\u57df\u540d\u627e\u5230IP<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u8d77\u521d\u662f\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2atxt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BIND\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u5c06\u57df\u540d\u5206\u5c42\u3002.com;.cn\u7b49\u6839\u57df\u540d\u5206\u522b\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u8f96\uff0c\u5982se.sjtu.edu.cn\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u540e\u7f00\u5c42\u5c42\u4e0b\u653e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4eba\u53ea\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684ip\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6539\u826f\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\/\u5728\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\/\u672c\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u57df\u540d\u5230IP\u7684\u6620\u5c04<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Recursion\uff1a\u7531\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u83b7\u53d6\u5168\u90e8\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u666e\u904d\u9ad8\uff0c\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Cache\uff1aRecursion\u5bf9root\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u6781\u9ad8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u7b49\u7ea7\u5206\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c42DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528cache\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u201c\u57df\u540d-ip\u201d\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u4f1a\u5148\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0b\u5c42DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u518d\u53bbroot\u8be2\u95ee\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\uff08\u957f\u51cf\u5c0f\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u4f46\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u65b0\u4e0d\u53ca\u65f6\uff0c\u77ed\u53cd\u4e4b\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              DNS\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u5c42\u7ea7\u67b6\u6784\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\uff1b\u57df\u540d\u5168\u7403\u53ef\u7528\uff1b\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\uff1b\u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\uff1b\u5bb9\u9519\uff1b\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u7b56\u5f71\u54cdwww.baidu.com<\/a>\uff1b\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8fc7\u91cd\uff1b\u5b89\u5168\u6027 (\u6076\u610f\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668)\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u6bd4\u8f83\u9879<\/strong><\/th>\u6587\u4ef6\u540d (File-name)<\/strong><\/th>\u4e3b\u673a\u540d (Host-name)<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/td>\u66f4\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d<\/td>\u66f4\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u7ed1\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807<\/strong><\/td>\u6587\u4ef6\u540d -> inode\u7f16\u53f7<\/td>\u4e3b\u673a\u540d -> IP\u5730\u5740<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/td>\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u5206\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784<\/td>\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u662f\u5206\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u7ed1\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/td>inode\u7f16\u53f7\u662f\u5e73\u9762\u7ed3\u6784<\/td>IP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5e73\u9762\u7ed3\u6784<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u662f\u5426\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/td>\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff09<\/td>\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u4e0d\u662f\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u503c\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/td>1-\u540d\u79f0 -> \u591a\u503c (\u5426)\uff1b\u591a\u540d\u79f0 -> 1-\u503c (\u662f)<\/td>1-\u540d\u79f0 -> \u591a\u503c (\u662f)\uff1b\u591a\u540d\u79f0 -> 1-\u503c (\u662f)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Naming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u68c0\u7d22\uff08URL\uff09\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\uff08\u5f15\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u7528\u77e5\u9053\u5e95\u5c42\uff09\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u77e5\u9053\u540d\u79f0\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff09\uff0c\u53cb\u597d\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u57df\u540d\u6bd4ip\u597d\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u540d\u79f0\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u6240\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff09\uff0c\u503c\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u540d\u79f0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u540d\u79f0\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u503c\uff09
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u67e5\u627e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u8868\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u7535\u8bdd\u7c3f\uff09\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\uff08Recursive\u00a0<\/strong>\uff09\u67e5\u627e\uff08\/usr\/bin\/rm\uff09\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u5217\u8868\u67e5\u627e e.g. $PATH\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u8981\u70b9\uff1a\u547d\u540d\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6bd4\u5982c++\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528for\u547d\u540d\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5168\u5c40<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4e00\u4e9bFAQ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u6709\u503c\uff1f\uff08\u60ac\u7a7a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u65e0\u7ed1\u5b9a\u503c\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u540d\u79f0\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff1f\uff08\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u63a5\u6536\u8005\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u503c\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u6709\u540d\u79f0\uff1f\uff08\u533f\u540d\u503c\u5982\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u503c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff1f\uff08\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u5982\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u540d\u79f0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\uff1f\uff08DNS\u8bb0\u5f55ip\u4f1a\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u53d1\u7f51\u7edcCDN<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                docker\u955c\u50cf\u3001b\u7ad9\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u53d1\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u2014\u2014\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u53d1\uff0c\u5c06\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21DNS\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u8be5\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u5fc3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u53d1\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684cache\u5185.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5f00\u59cb\u53ef\u80fd\u95ee\uff1a\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6dd8\u5b9d\u56fe\u7247\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684CDN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                P2P(Peer to Peer) Network<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u2014\u2014No Central Server<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                BitTorrent\u6bd4\u7279\u6d2a\u6d41<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u8fb9\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8fb9\u4e0a\u4f20<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0cBitTorrent \u4f1a\u5c06\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u6301\u7eed\u5206\u4eab\uff08\u79cd\u5b50\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0cBitTorrent \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u79cd\u5b50\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u4e09\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • tracker\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6bcf\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u54ea\u91cc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • seeder\uff1a\u6709\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • peer\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u6587\u4ef6\u53d1\u5e03\u8005\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4fe1\u606f(.torrent\u6587\u4ef6)\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\uff08tracker\u7684url\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u53ca\u5927\u5c0f\uff0chash\u6821\u9a8c\u7801\uff09\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • tracker\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u4e2apeer\u7684\u7fa4\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u62e5\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u6709\u91cd\u590d\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Seeder\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u53d1\u5e03\u51fa\u53bb\uff08\u6307\u5411\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684.torrent\u6587\u4ef6\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4e0b\u8f7d\u8005\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u79cd\u5b50\u83b7\u53d6.torrent\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u83b7\u53d6\u5230tracker\u7684url<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • tracker\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2apeer\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4e0b\u8f7d\u8005\u4ecepeer\u5904\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        BitTorrent\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56tracker\uff1b\u89c4\u6a21\u5f88\u96be\u6269\u5927(tracker\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u3001\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06tracker\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        DHT\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684peer<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4e0d\u4e25\u683c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u6548\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7684key\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u6211\u4eec\u5bf9key\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684ip\u5730\u5740\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u6784\u5efa\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u90a3\u4e9b\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u843d\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u9006\u65f6\u9488\u65b9\u5411\u7684key\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bbf\u95eekey\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0d\u65ad\u987a\u65f6\u9488\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5c06O(n)\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u5347\u5230O(log n)\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u5176\u987a\u65f6\u9488\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u627e\u5bfb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Finger i points to successor of n+2i<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b58\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e5f\u5c11\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          join\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u540e\u9762\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u590d\u6742\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6302\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4e00\u4e2akey\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u987a\u65f6\u9488\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5176\u540e\u65b9\u51e0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff08successor list\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u8df3\u8fc7\u635f\u574f\u8282\u70b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u5982\u679c\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u51fahash\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u5747\u8861\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u603b\u7ed3 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Distributed Computing<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1aY = W\u00b0X<\/strong> \uff08\u00b0 \u8868\u793a\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • W<\/strong>: ( m \u00d7 k ) \uff08\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • X<\/strong>: ( k \u00d7B ) \uff08\u8f93\u5165\u77e9\u9635\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • k<\/strong>: \u7279\u5f81\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0cm<\/strong>: \u6fc0\u6d3b\u6570\u91cf\uff0cB<\/strong>: \u6279\u6b21\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf \u2248 ( 2k – 1) \u00d7 m \u00d7 B \u2248 2 \u00d7 Size(W) \u00d7B<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u603b\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf \u2248 2 \u00d7 B \u00d7 #parameters<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u68af\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • dX = W \u00b0 dY<\/strong> ((k \u00d7m ) \u00b0 ( m \u00d7B ))<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • dW = dY \u00b0 X\u1d40<\/strong> (( m \u00d7B ) \u00b0 ( B \u00d7 k ))<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u8fd1\u4f3c\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • dX<\/strong>\uff1a ( (2m – 1) \u00d7k \u00d7 B \u2248 2 \u00d7{Size(W)} \u00d7B )<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • dW<\/strong>\uff1a ( (2B – 1) \u00d7m \u00d7k \u2248 2 \u00d7{Size(W)} \u00d7B )<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u603b\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf<\/strong>\uff08\u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u5c42\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u603b\u91cf \u2248 ( 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 {Size(W0)} \u00d7 B + 2 \u00d72 \u00d7 {Size(W1)} \u00d7 B + ……= 4 \u00d7B \u00d7 {#parameters} )<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u603b\u8ba1<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u603b\u7b97\u529b\u5927\u81f4\u662f6 * #parameters * Batch size<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u529b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5355\u6838\u8bbe\u5907\u7b97\u529b\u63d0\u5347\uff1a\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u3001\u8d85\u6807\u91cf\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2acycle\u591a\u6761\uff0c\u539f\u7406\u9884\u6d4b\u6307\u4ee4 \u4e00\u822c4-8\u6700\u591a\uff09\u3001 \u8d85\u9891<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5355\u6838\u8bbe\u5907\u7b97\u529b\u518d\u63d0\u5347\uff1aSIMD\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u6d6e\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u6709\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u754c\uff09\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u65b0\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u67b6\u6784\uff08ISA\uff09\uff1aSIMD\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u5355\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u591a\u6570\u636e\uff08SIMD\uff09\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u52a0\u6cd5\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u540c\u4e00\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u7b97\u672f\u903b\u8f91\u5355\u5143\uff08ALUs\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff1f<\/strong>\u7ba1\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2aALU\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6d41\u7684\u6210\u672c\u592a\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u540c\u65f6\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5f88\u5927\u7f13\u5b58\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbf\u5b58\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b9e\u9645\u63d0\u5347\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u671f\u5feb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u585e\u51e0\u5343\u4e2aALU\uff08\uff1f\uff09\u7269\u7406\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u9650\u5236\/\u5de5\u827a\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u540c\u6b65\u4e5f\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • SIMT<\/strong>\uff1a\u5355\u6307\u4ee4\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e76\u884c\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0cSIMD\u601d\u60f3\u6269\u5c55\u3002\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\uff08\u6761\u4ef6\uff09SIMD \u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u786c\u4ef6\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u591a\u6838\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u76ee\u7684<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u540c\u6838\u5fc3\u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6838\u5fc31\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u7f13\u5b58\u884cL1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48L1\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u53ca\u65f6\u5bf9\u6838\u5fc32\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u76d1\u542c\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u4f1a\u76d1\u542c\u5176\u4ed6\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u8bfb\/\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u76ee\u5f55\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u76d1\u542c\u534f\u8bae\uff08Snoop-based protocols\uff09<\/strong>\u76d1\u542c\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u534f\u8bae\uff08Directory-based protocols\uff09<\/strong>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u73b0\u4ee3CPU\uff1a\u5355\u4e2a\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u9650\uff0820-100\u4e2a\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u73b0\u4ee3GPU\uff1a\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u91cf\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u505a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u786c\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              roofline model\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\/\u8bbf\u5b58<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • y\u8f74<\/strong>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6d6e\u70b9\u7b97\u529b\uff08FLOPs\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • x\u8f74<\/strong>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\uff08FLOP\uff09\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\uff08Bytes\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u534a\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff08FP16\uff0c16\u4f4d\uff09\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 1\u4e2aFP16 = 2\u5b57\u8282<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 2\u4e2aFP16 = 4\u5b57\u8282<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6267\u884c1\u6b21\u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\u9700\u89814\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\uff1a\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u6bcfFLOP\u9700\u89814\u4e2aDRAM\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff08Operational Intensity, OI\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5e26\u5bbd\u8868\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e26\u5bbd\u7528\u4e00\u6761\u659c\u7387\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5e26\u5bbd = \u5cf0\u503c\u6027\u80fd\uff08FLOPs\uff09\/ \u64cd\u4f5c\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08OI\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u659c\u7387 ( m = y\/x )\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • ( m = y\/x = 16 )<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • ( y = 2G\u00a0Flop\/second\u00a0 )<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • ( x = 1\u00a0Flop\/4\u00a0bytes)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u968f\u7740\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u6027\u63d0\u9ad8\uff08\u4ece\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5230DSPs\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u4e13\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u80fd\u6548\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4e00\u4e2atrade-off<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u6279\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MapReduce<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u57fa\u672c\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u5148\u5206\u5de5(map)\uff0c\u518d\u5408\u5e76(reduce)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08Map Rreduce\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u8f93\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5982\u4f55\u534f\u8c03\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u53d1\u4f9d\u8d56\u8981\u8003\u8651  \u5148Map\u540eReduce\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff08\u51fa\u9519\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u6b7b\u4e86job\u4e5f\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6062\u590d\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5bf9\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff08\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u8ba9map\u548creduce\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u533a\u4ee5\u5f00\u542f\u5e76\u884c\uff08map\u5bb9\u6613reduce\u96be\u5e76\u884c\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Map(fuction, set of values)\uff1a\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2aset\u5206\u522b\u4f5c\u4e3afunction\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Reduce(fuction, set of results)\uff1a\u5c06\u6240\u6709result\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u8fc7function\u8fdb\u884c\u6c47\u603b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Map\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662fReduce\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e76\u884c\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u65f6Reduce\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u7684\uff08\u6bd4\u5982word count\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u6709\u4e86MapReduce\uff0c\u505a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ea\u7528\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4f55Map\u548cReduce\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5982\u4f55\u505asharding\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u5728GFS\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5207\u724764MB<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\uff1amaster\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684MapWorker<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u6267\u884cMap\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6sharding\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff09\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u50a8\u5230Intermediate File\u4e2d\uff08\u8981\u5206\u5757\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6bcf\u4e2aReduceWorker\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u5bf9\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u5206\u7684\u5757\u6309ReduceWorker\u6392\u5728\u4e00\u8d77<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u7531ReduceWorker\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u622a\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u76841\u30012\u30015\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u53ca\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u4f18\u5316\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • worker\u51fa\u9519\uff1amaster\u6301\u7eedheartbeat\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6302\u4e86\u5c31\u628a\u4efb\u52a1\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5931\u6548 Worker \u7684\u00a0Map<\/strong>\u00a0\u6216\u00a0Reduce<\/strong>\u00a0\u4efb\u52a1\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u56de\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6 Worker \u8fdb\u884c\u6267\u884c\uff08\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\uff0cre-execution<\/strong>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u4e22\u5931\u4e86 1800 \u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684 1600 \u53f0\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • master\u51fa\u9519\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06master\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4f7f\u7528checkpoint\u5b58\u50a8\u5230GFS\u4e2d\uff08\u6216\u4efb\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u9519\u5c31\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5931\u8d25\u7f55\u89c1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u4f18\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      GFS\u5185\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6309\u7406\u8bf4\u4e0d\u8be5\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9user\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u91ccGFS\u5c06chunk server\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684shard\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9master\uff0c\u7136\u540emaster\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94shard\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6982\u7387<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5176\u4ed6\u4f18\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u5197\u4f59\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u51fa\u9519 \uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9632\u6b62\u67d0\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u7531\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u6162\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u641e\u7ade\u8d5b\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u4e5f\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a \u6613\u6269\u5c55\uff1b\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u96be\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e0a\u96be\u5ea6\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u591a\u4e2aMapReduce\u5bb9\u9519<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe-Computation Graph<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u6709\u5411\u65e0\u73af\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u597d\u5904\uff1a\u65e0\u73af\u56fe\u5bb9\u6613\u505a\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff1bDAG\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u884c\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u6267\u884c\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5165\u5ea6-1\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u5165\u5ea6\u4e3a0\u7684\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u6210\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      x\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u662f32\u6d6e\u70b9\uff0c\u5f62\u72b6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c784\u56fe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      W\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635\uff0c784<\/code>\u00a0\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6570\uff0c10<\/code>\u00a0\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u6570
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      y<\/code>\u00a0\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 softmax \u6fc0\u6d3b\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u7ebf\u6027\u8f93\u51fa\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0ctf.matmul(x, W)<\/code>\u00a0\u8868\u793a\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. matmul<\/strong>\uff08\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\uff09\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u00a0\ud835\udc66=\ud835\udc4a\u22c5\ud835\udc65\uff0c\u5373\u7ebf\u6027\u53d8\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. softmax<\/strong>\uff08Softmax \u6fc0\u6d3b\uff09\uff1a\u5bf9\u00a0\ud835\udc66\u00a0\u5e94\u7528 Softmax\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. log<\/strong>\uff08\u5bf9\u6570\uff09\uff1a\u5bf9 Softmax \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u53d6\u5bf9\u6570\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 log-probabilities\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4. mul<\/strong>\uff08\u9010\u5143\u7d20\u4e58\u6cd5\uff09\uff1a\u5c06 Log-Softmax \u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u6807\u7b7e\u00a0\ud835\udc66_\u00a0\u76f8\u4e58\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4ea4\u53c9\u71b5\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      5. mean<\/strong>\uff08\u53d6\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff09\uff1a\u5bf9 Batch \u7684\u6240\u6709\u6837\u672c\u7684\u635f\u5931\u53d6\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u71b5\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      6. mul<\/strong>\uff1a\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9 Batch \u7684\u635f\u5931\u53d6\u00a01\/batch_sizebatch_size1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      7. log-grad<\/strong>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0softmax-grad<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f9d\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97 Log \u548c Softmax \u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u597d\u5904\uff1a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \uff081\uff09\u57fa\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bfc\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5bfc\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5229\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u6cd5\u5219\u5c06\u5bfc\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5bfc\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u68af\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \uff082\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u786c\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f\u5668\uff08TPU\/GPU\/NPU)\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff09\u5728\u590d\u6742\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u9ad8\u6548\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \uff083\uff09\u8282\u70b9\u878d\u5408\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe\u8282\u70b9\u878d\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8282\u70b9<\/strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u51cf\u5c11\u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500<\/strong>\uff08\u5185\u90e8GPU\u4e0d\u540c\u5355\u5143\u95f4\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u968f\u673a\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\uff08\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4e00\u822c\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u6c42\u548c\u62c6\u5f00\u5c31\u884c\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53eb\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe\u505a\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6700\u540e\u6c42\u548c\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u6c47\u603b\u505a\u5feb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u7531\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u505a\u5b8c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u52a1\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u6c47\u603b\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u5c40\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c06\u6c47\u603b\u518d\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684AllReduce\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        AllReduce<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4e00\u822c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u6bcf\u6761\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\uff08\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\uff09\uff0c \u51cf\u5c11\u77ac\u95f4\u6d41\u91cf\uff08\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56e0\u8fc7\u591a\u6d88\u606f\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u74f6\u9888\uff09\u603b\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u00a0N<\/em><\/strong>\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6570\u91cf\u00a0P<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Parameter Server<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u7ed9Parameter server\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u540e\u518d\u5e7f\u64ad\u3002\u663e\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6ee1\u8db3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Sharded PS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6bcf\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8ba1\u7b971\/n\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86PS\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u77ac\u95f4\u6d41\u91cf\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6bcf\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u603b\u901a\u4fe1\u91cfN * (P \u2013 1) \/ P\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u644a\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u597d
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u603b\u901a\u4fe1\u8f6e\u6570\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u5f88\u597d
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u9ad8 fan-in\uff08\u6247\u5165\uff09\uff1a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u591a\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u5e26\u5bbd\u74f6\u9888\u548c\u5355\u70b9\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        De-centralized approach<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6309\u8ddd\u79bb\u53d1\u9001\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6bcf\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u603b\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\uff1aN * (P \u2013 1) data (Bad \u2026)\uff0c\u6247\u5165\uff08fan-in\uff09\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u603b\u901a\u4fe1\u8f6e\u6570\uff1aO(P * P)\u592a\u9ad8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Sharding Reduce<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62c6\u6210n\u4e2a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c0\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u8282\u70b92\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u8282\u70b90\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8282\u70b91\u5b8c\u6210\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ring Allreduce<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u8981\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u53ea\u4e0e\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u73b0\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u505an\u8f6e\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u6240\u6709\u7684\u68af\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u68af\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684w1<\/sub>+w2<\/sub>+w3<\/sub>+w4<\/sub>\uff0c\u5728GPU\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ea4\u6362\u5f8b\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e22\u5931\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bef\u5dee  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2 * (P-1) * N \/ P: the same as partitioned\uff0c\u6247\u5165\uff08fan-in\uff09<\/strong>O(1)\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u603b\u901a\u4fe1\u8f6e\u6570<\/strong>\uff1aO(P)\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684 O(1) \u4ecd\u7136\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <\/td>Round<\/strong><\/td>Peak node bandwidth<\/strong> \u8282\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf<\/td>Per-node<\/strong>  fan-in<\/strong>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u8282\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6570<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Parameter server (PS)<\/td>O(1)<\/td>O(N*P)<\/td>O(P)<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        sharded PS<\/td>O(1)<\/td>O(N)<\/td>O(P)<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Decentralized Allreduce<\/td>O(P)<\/td>O(N)<\/td>O(1)<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ring allreduce<\/td>O(2*P)<\/td>O(N\/P)<\/td>O(1)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1aTree Based<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5c06\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u518d\u53d1\u7ed9\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5de6\u8fb9\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6811\u53cd\u8f6c\u5f97\u5230\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u6811\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u9664\u4e860\u548c31\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u4e24\u8fdb\u4e24\u51fa\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8d1f\u8f7d\u76f8\u5bf9\u5747\u8861<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Ring allreduce\u7684O(2*P)\u964d\u4f4e\u5230O(log p)\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6c42\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u62c6\u5f00\uff0c\u518d\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6c42\u548c\u5f0f\u5b50\u62c6\u5f00<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u592a\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u5728\u6bcf\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u62c6\u5206\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\u8fd8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1apipeline\u5e76\u884c\u548ctensor\u5e76\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        pipeline\u5e76\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6211\u4eec\u6309layer\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e8f\u5217<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u663e\u7136\u4e0a\u65b9\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u7f3a\uff08Bubble\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5bf9Batch\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5272Micor-baching\uff0c\u6bcf\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u70b9\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u5411\u4e0b\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0b\u56fe\u7684\u6548\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6211\u4eec\u8981\u62c6\u6210\u591a\u5c11\u4efd\u5462\uff1fBubble size<\/strong>=p<\/em>\u22121\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0p<\/em>\u00a0\u662f\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff08#devices\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0bBubble\u5360\u6240\u9700\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b=(p-1)\/m\uff1bm\u4e3abatch\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u7684\u4efd\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4e3a\u4e86Bubble\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u5c0f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u51cf\u5c11\u673a\u5668\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\uff1b\u589e\u52a0Batch\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff08\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4efd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\uff0c\u53d7\u786c\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Tensor\u5e76\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        tensor \u5e76\u884c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5f20\u91cf\uff08Tensor\uff09\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\uff08Tensor Parallelism\uff0cTP\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u62c6\u5206\u5e76\u65e8\u5728\u5c06\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u62c6\u5206\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5982GPU\uff09\u4e0a\u5e76\u884c\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2aY=WX\u7684\u5206\u5757\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662fForward pass\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709Backward pass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u524d\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\uff08Forward Pass\uff09\uff1a\u5f80\u7ba1\u9053\u91cc\u5012\u6c34\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff09\uff0c\u770b\u6c34\u6d41\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u9884\u6d4b\u503c\uff09\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\uff08Backward Pass\uff09\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u6807\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u6c34\u6d41\u5f97\u66f4\u7cbe\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u524d\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\uff08Tensor Parallelism\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u9700\u8981\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e3a\uff1a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            (B\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0Di\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0(P\u00a0–\u00a01))\u00a0\/\u00a0P(B\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0Di\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0(P\u00a0–\u00a01))\u00a0\/\u00a0P<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u603b\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \ud835\udc41\u00d7\ud835\udc35\u00d7\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc56N<\/em>\u00d7B<\/em>\u00d7Di<\/em>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u524d\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff09
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u7531\u4e8e\u592a\u6162\u4f1a\u7528\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5feb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc()link?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5e76\u884c\uff08Pipeline Parallelism\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u524d\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \ud835\udc35\u00d7\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc56B<\/em>\u00d7D<\/em>i<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4ee3\u4ef7\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u8fd8\u9700\u8981 2\u500d\u7684 Allreduce\uff08\u5168\u5f52\u7ea6\u901a\u4fe1\uff09\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <\/td>Pipeline parallelism<\/strong><\/td>Tensor parallelism<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u5b9a\u4e49<\/td>\u6309\u5c42\u5206\u5272\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe<\/td>\u5206\u5272\u5c42\u5185\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4f18\u70b9<\/td>\u51cf\u5c11\u7f51\u7edc\u6c9f\u901a<\/td>\u5bf9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u597d<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u7f3a\u70b9<\/td>bubbles<\/td>\u7f51\u7edc\u6c9f\u901a\u8f83\u591a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Information Security<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027Confidentiality\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u6388\u6743\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u6b63\u786e\u6027\/\u5b8c\u6574\u6027Integrity\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u53ef\u7528\u6027Availability\uff1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Threat Model\u5a01\u80c1\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u5f0f\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4f4d\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u7f51\u7edc\/\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e4b\u5916<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u2026\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5a01\u80c1\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u524d\u63d0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Password<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u731c\u6d4b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u731c\u6d4b\u6210\u672c\u662f\u6602\u8d35\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5077\u5e93\u7684\u95ee\u9898
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u7b80\u5355\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u663e\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5e38\u89c1\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8fdb\u884c\u78b0\u649e
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u6dfb\u52a0\u201c\u76d0\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u76d0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5c06\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0e\u76d0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u89c4\u907f\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u6210\u672c\u589e\u52a0\u8bb8\u591a\u500d\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u8f6e\u78b0\u649e\uff09
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4e0d\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u7801\u660e\u6587\uff0c\u53ea\u5b58\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u52a0\u201c\u76d0\u201d\uff1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u52a0\u5230\u5bc6\u7801\u91cc\u518d\u54c8\u5e0c\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u8ba9\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5355\u72ec\u7834\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5bc6\u7801\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6280\u672f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u8be2\u95ee-\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u8003\u8651\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u95ee\u9898
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u88ab\u76d1\u542c\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u672c\u5730\u505a\u54c8\u5e0c\u518d\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4f46\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u76d1\u542c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u6bcf\u6b21\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6570\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u53d1\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u5b58\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u660e\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u53cd\u5411\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u68c0\u67e5\u89e3\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u5047\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5c06\u79bb\u7ebf\u653b\u51fb\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u5728\u7ebf\u653b\u51fb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5728\u6ce8\u518c\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u5148\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u786e\u8ba4\u56fe\u7247\u6b63\u786e\u540e\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u6211\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u9a97\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u540e\u8bbf\u95ee\u771f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u518d\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5047\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b3a\u9a97\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u540e\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5047\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u771f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u5047\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u6b62\u635f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u7279\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e32\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    N\u6b21\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u5728\u6ce8\u518c\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5bc6\u7801+\u76d0\u505an\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5bc6\u7801+\u76d0\u505an-1\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u66ff\u6362\u6210n-1\u6b21\u7684
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5bc6\u7801+\u76d0\u505an-2\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u66ff\u6362\u6210n-2\u6b21\u7684
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u76d1\u542c\u5230\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u505a\u9006\u5411\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u6781\u9ad8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u800c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4f7f\u7528n\u6b21\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u65f6\u95f4\u54c8\u5e0c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u94f6\u884cU\u76fe\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32K\uff0c\u6821\u9a8c\u65f6\u5bf9K+\u65f6\u95f4\u505a\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u503c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6388\u6743\u4e0e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u4ed8\u6b3e\u3001\u8f6c\u8d26\uff09\u7b49\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6b21\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    FIDO-Fast IDentity Online<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4ee5FaceID\u767b\u5f55\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u7528\u751f\u7269\u8bc6\u522b\uff08\u5982FaceID\uff09\u672c\u5730\u751f\u6210\u79c1\u94a5\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ea\u5b58\u516c\u94a5\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u7528\u79c1\u94a5\u7b7e\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7801\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7528\u516c\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b7e\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6211\u4eec\u5f55\u5165FaceID\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u5143\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u548c\u53d1\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528FaceID\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u624b\u673a\u8bf7\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6bb5\u201c\u6311\u6218\u7801\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff1b\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528FaceID\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u50a8\u5b58\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u7b7e\u540d\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u516c\u94a5ID\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u7528\u6237\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Security Principles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Least Privilege\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\uff1a\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u540c\u6837\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6570\u91cf<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Least Trust\u6700\u5c0f\u4fe1\u4efb\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u53bb\u4fe1\u4efb\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Users Make Mistakes\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u5df1\u628a\u5bc6\u7801\u6cc4\u9732\u51fa\u53bb<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cost of Security\u5b89\u5168\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u53d8\u5dee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ROP-return-oriented programming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u201d\u7f16\u7a0b
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u2014\u2014recall\uff1aICS1-AttackLab\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u4fee\u6539%rax\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u88abDEP(Data Execution Prevention)\u9632\u5fa1\u4f4f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6807\u8bb0\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u65ad\u7ae0\u53d6\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u501f\u52a9\u591a\u6b21return\u62fc\u63a5\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u9632\u5fa1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u9690\u85cf\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • ASLR\u5730\u5740\u968f\u673a\u5316\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u6267\u884c\uff08\u4f46fork\u4e00\u6837<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Canary\u91d1\u4e1d\u96c0\uff0c\u653e\u5728return address\u524d\uff0c\u5982\u679cCanary\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u6389\uff0c\u8bf4\u660ereturn address\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5read stack\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        CFI-Control-Flow Integrity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u201d
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u2014\u2014ROP\u653b\u51fb\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u524d\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u56fe\u6765\u62b5\u5fa1ROP\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6784\u9020\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u627e\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8f6c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6bb5\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570data\u5230lib\uff0c\u5728\u8df3\u8f6c\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8f6c\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u3002\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5047\u8bbeA\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528C\uff0cB\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528C\u3001D\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3aB\u5bf9%ecx\u68c0\u67e5\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5C\u3001D\u7684ID\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4A\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528D<\/strong>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba9B\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u65e2\u80fd\u8c03\u7528C\u4e5f\u80fd\u8c03\u7528D\uff1b\u591a\u4e2aID<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u95ee\u9898\uff1aA\u8c03\u7528F\uff0cB\u4e5f\u8c03\u7528F\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48F\u7684return\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u89e3\u51b3\uff1ashadow stack\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7ef4\u62a4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0aCFI\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u9632\u5fa1\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u56fe\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Blind ROP\uff08\u76f2\u8fd4\u56de\u5bfc\u5411\u7f16\u7a0b\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5047\u8bbe\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6709\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7f51\u9875or404\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u662f\u6ca1\u5d29\uff09\/\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00\/kale<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u5230\u4e00\u90e8\u5206return address\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7n\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u5f97\u5230return address\u7684\u524d\u51e0\u4f4d\uff08\u9519\u7684\u90fd\u5d29\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u5d29\u610f\u5473\u7740\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u653b\u7834\u91d1\u4e1d\u96c0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bcf\u6b21\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u4e00\u6837\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3anginx\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4ece\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0bfork\u51fa\u6765\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u4ecd\u7136\u505a\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4ec5\u4fee\u6539return address\u7684\u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de\/\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00\/kale\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u627e\u5230return\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u6211\u4eec\u8986\u76d6\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48return\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u8df3\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u518d\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u6539\u6210kale\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0kale\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u6267\u884c\u4e86return<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230\u80fd\u591f\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230pop %rdi; return; \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528write\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539rdi\/rsi\/rdx\u4e09\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5916\u52a0\u8c03\u7528+return<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u800cx86\u6c47\u7f16\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u672b\u5c3e\u5e38\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u662fcallee save\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u51fd\u6570\u524d\u4f1a\u6709\u5927\u6bb5push\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u4f1a\u6709\u5927\u6bb5pop<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u7eed\u4fee\u65398\u4e2areturn address\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u770b\u80fd\u5426\u5f15\u53d1\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a6\u4e2apop<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u800c\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u65ad\u7ae0\u53d6\u4e49\u6267\u884cpop rdi\u548cpop rsi<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u6211\u4eec\u518d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6539rdx\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3ardx\u662fcaller save\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u4fee\u6539rdx\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80fd\u4fee\u6539rdx\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fd\u6570strcmp\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5b58\u50a8\u5728PLT\u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PLT\u8868\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u5730\u57408\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5d29\u6e83<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230PLT\u8868\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539rdi\u3001rsi\u6765\u627e\u5230strcmp\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u6700\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230write\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528PLT\u8868\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e71\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u6570\u636e\u6d41\u8ddf\u8e2a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u6211\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u9690\u79c1\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u539f\u7406\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u7981\u6b62jmp\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u67d3\u8272\uff08taint\u4e3atrue\uff09\uff08\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u63a7\u5236\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u539f\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7ea7\u522b\u505a\u4e00\u4e2ataint\u8868\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5c06taint\u4e3atrue\u7684\u503c\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u4f46\u662ftaint\u4e5f\u662f\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u88ab\u6d17\u6389\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Secure Channel\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u9053<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u7684\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u4e24\u8fb9\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5key\uff08\u9664\u975e\u904d\u5386key\u5426\u5219\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u53cc\u65b9\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08key\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u95f4\u8005\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u5bc6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e00\u65e6\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u6d88\u606f\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • mac\uff1akey\u548cmessage\u4e00\u8d77\u52a0\u5bc6\u5f97\u5230token\uff0ctoken\u7528\u4e8e\u6821\u9a8c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\uff08\u4e2d\u95f4\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e6\u622aA\u5230B\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ed9B\u91cd\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u590d\u8ba9B\u6267\u884c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u89e3\u9501\u8f66\u95e8\uff09\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u7528key\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u4e00\u8d77\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2atoken\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u6210token\uff0c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u5728\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u7684seq\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u53cd\u590d\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u91cd\u53d1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e24\u8fb9\u7684seq\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u622a\u53d6A\u7ed9B\u7684seq\uff0c\u62fc\u63a5\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5047\u6d88\u606f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5192\u5145B\u7ed9A\u53d1\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Diffie-Hellman\uff1a\u4e24\u8fb9\u4ea4\u6362\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u522b\u7528\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\uff08\u4e2d\u95f4\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u65f6\u62e6\u622a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u8f6c\u53d1\u6d88\u606f\uff09\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u53cc\u65b9\u4ea4\u6362\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u7528\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5171\u4eab\u5bc6\u94a5\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u4e2d\u95f4\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e6\u622a\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u548c\u53cc\u65b9\u5206\u522b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u201c\u5171\u4eab\u5bc6\u94a5\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u53d8\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • RSA\u516c\u79c1\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff1aA\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784\u5f97\u5230B\u7684\u516c\u94a5\uff08\u6216\u8005B\u7ed9A\u53d1\u9001\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784\u53d1\u653e\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\uff09\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • A\u901a\u8fc7\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784\u83b7\u53d6B\u7684\u516c\u94a5\uff08\u6216B\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u673a\u6784\u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • A\u7528B\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709B\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u80fd\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u516c\u94a5\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u6015\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u79c1\u94a5\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u624b\u4e2d\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Data Privacy\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6280\u672f<\/th>\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898<\/th>\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    OT\uff08\u9057\u5fd8\u4f20\u8f93\uff09<\/td>\u9690\u85cf\u6570\u636e\u9700\u6c42<\/td>\u6570\u636e\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u66b4\u9732<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    DP\uff08\u5dee\u5206\u9690\u79c1\uff09<\/td>\u9632\u6b62\u4e2a\u4eba\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732<\/td>\u6dfb\u52a0\u566a\u58f0\u6216\u9650\u5236\u67e5\u8be2<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Secret Sharing\uff08\u79d8\u5bc6\u5171\u4eab\uff09<\/td>\u591a\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e<\/td>\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u53d1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981k\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8054\u5408<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    HE\uff08\u540c\u6001\u52a0\u5bc6\uff09<\/td>\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u6c42<\/td>\u5bc6\u6587\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1<\/td><\/tr>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    TEE\uff08\u53ef\u4fe1\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\uff09<\/td>\u6570\u636e\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\u786c\u4ef6\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u653b\u51fb<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    OT-Oblivious Transfer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff1bB\u60f3\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f46\u662fB\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9A\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u6211\u201d\u60f3\u8981\u54ea\u4e2a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A\u751f\u6210\u4e24\u5bf9\u516c\u79c1\u94a5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff1bB\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570r\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u53d1\u7ed9A\uff1bA\u5f97\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u540e\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u79c1\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u5f97\u5230k0<\/sub>\uff0ck1<\/sub>\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fr\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u522b\u4e0ek0<\/sub>\uff0ck1<\/sub>\uff0c\u505a\u5f02\u6216\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u53d1\u7ed9B\uff1bB\u518d\u548cr\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u5f02\u6216\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A\u4e0d\u6e05\u695aB\u5230\u5e95\u8981\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    B\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u62ff\u5230\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u6cc4\u9732\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    DP-Differencial Privacy\u5dee\u5206\u9690\u79c1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    B\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u591a\u6761\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u8d77\u8fd4\u56de\uff1b\u4f46\u662fA\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u663e\u7136A\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u53cd\u590d\u7b5b\u9009\u5f97\u5230\u60f3\u8981\u662f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5B\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5206\u6bb5\uff08\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c\u800c\u975e\u7cbe\u786e\u503c\uff0c\u6709\u635f\u7684\uff09\uff1b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8be2\u95ee\u9884\u7b97\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u672a\u66f4\u65b0\u524d\uff0cB\u53ea\u80fd\u8be2\u95ee\u51e0\u6b21\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Secret Sharing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u5047\u8bben\u4e2a\u4eba\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5206\u6210n\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4efb\u610fk\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u51fa\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u539f\u7406\uff1aS\u4e3a\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\uff0cf(x) = S + a1<\/sub>x + a2<\/sub>x + \u2026 + ak-1<\/sub>xk-1<\/sup>\uff0cn\u4e2a\u4eba\u62ff\u4e0d\u540c\u7684x\uff0ck\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u51fa\u5168\u90e8ai<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u7406\u60f3\u5047\u8bbe\uff08\u81f3\u5c11 k \u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e32\u901a\uff09 \u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    HE<\/strong>\u2013Homomorphic Encryption<\/strong>\u540c\u6001\u52a0\u5bc6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u80fd\u5426\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bc6\u6587\u52a0\u51cf\u4e58\u9664\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u539f\u6587\u52a0\u51cf\u4e58\u9664\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5bc6\u6587\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u4e91\u4e0a\u8fd0\u7b97\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    SWHE(SomeWhat Homomorphic Encryption)\u90e8\u5206\u540c\u6001\u52a0\u5bc6\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u90e8\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u540c\u6001\u52a0\u5bc6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    FHE(Full Homomorphic Encryption)\u5168\u540c\u6001\u52a0\u5bc6\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u7b97\u90fd\u652f\u6301\uff1b\u505a\u4e0d\u5230<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u6570\u636e\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u9690\u79c1\u3002
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5168\u540c\u6001\u52a0\u5bc6\u76ee\u524d\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u505a\u4e0d\u5230<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    TEE-Trusted Execution Environment<\/strong>\u53ef\u4fe1\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230cache\u4e2d\u53d8\u6210\u660e\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \"\"\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    TEE \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709 DRAM \u548c\u5916\u56f4\u8bbe\u5907\uff1bREE \u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee TEE \u7684\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u786c\u4ef6\u5382\u5546<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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